In an effort to prevent drug abuse among junior high–school students, a public health nurse (PHN) has enlisted the assistance of high-school role models in the areas of both sports and scholarship for an antidrug presentation. What is the level of prevention represented by this activity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This activity is aimed at preventing drug abuse before it occurs by educating junior high-school students through role models. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of a health issue, in this case, drug abuse. High-school role models provide positive influence and guidance to deter drug use. Secondary prevention involves early detection and intervention after the onset of a problem, while tertiary prevention aims to minimize the impact of an established health issue. Therefore, the activity described falls under primary prevention as it targets the prevention of drug abuse among junior high-school students before it becomes a problem.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The determinants of health. This is the appropriate starting point for applying a population health approach because it focuses on the underlying factors influencing health outcomes at a population level. By addressing social, economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants, interventions can be targeted effectively to improve overall health outcomes. Choice A (Emergency life-saving care) is not the best starting point for a population health approach as it addresses immediate, individual-level health needs rather than the broader population. Choice C (Health promotion models) is important but typically comes after understanding the determinants of health. Choice D (Risk management) is relevant but focuses more on individual risk factors rather than the broader population perspective.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates a misunderstanding of the concept of pastoral care. Pastoral care involves providing emotional and spiritual support, which can be done by anyone, not just a pastor. The other choices correctly reflect aspects of pastoral care by emphasizing spiritual strengths, focusing on the spiritual dimension of nursing, and providing support during various life situations. Therefore, involving only the pastor in ministering to the congregation limits the understanding of pastoral care to a specific role, rather than recognizing it as a holistic approach to supporting individuals in their spiritual and emotional needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because HPV warts can grow in areas not covered by a barrier like a condom, making prevention challenging. HPV is primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, and condoms may not fully protect against transmission if the warts are in uncovered areas. Choice A is incorrect because HPV is mainly transmitted through skin contact, not all body fluids. Choice C is incorrect as it describes symptoms of a different condition, not HPV. Choice D is incorrect because HPV does not typically form vesicles that ulcerate within a day.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. A genogram represents family relationships. 2. A solid line is used to depict a marital relationship. 3. Solid line indicates a legally recognized marriage. 4. Broken line typically represents separation or divorce. 5. Dashed line signifies a non-marital relationship. 6. Two parallel lines are not a standard representation in genograms. Therefore, choice C (A solid line) is correct to show a marital relationship, while choices A, B, and D are incorrect due to their associations with other types of relationships or lack of standard representation in genograms.