In an effort to prevent drug abuse among junior high–school students, a public health nurse (PHN) has enlisted the assistance of high-school role models in the areas of both sports and scholarship for an antidrug presentation. What is the level of prevention represented by this activity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This activity is aimed at preventing drug abuse before it occurs by educating junior high-school students through role models. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of a health issue, in this case, drug abuse. High-school role models provide positive influence and guidance to deter drug use. Secondary prevention involves early detection and intervention after the onset of a problem, while tertiary prevention aims to minimize the impact of an established health issue. Therefore, the activity described falls under primary prevention as it targets the prevention of drug abuse among junior high-school students before it becomes a problem.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because case management is focused on providing individualized care coordination and support to specific clients to help them navigate the healthcare system effectively. This distinguishes it from managed care, which is more about organizing and financing healthcare services for a broader population. Choices A and D are incorrect because case management is not limited to health maintenance organizations or monitoring health status for an aggregate. Choice B is incorrect because case management can be aimed at various populations, not just a specific segment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The determinants of health. This is the appropriate starting point for applying a population health approach because it focuses on the underlying factors influencing health outcomes at a population level. By addressing social, economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants, interventions can be targeted effectively to improve overall health outcomes. Choice A (Emergency life-saving care) is not the best starting point for a population health approach as it addresses immediate, individual-level health needs rather than the broader population. Choice C (Health promotion models) is important but typically comes after understanding the determinants of health. Choice D (Risk management) is relevant but focuses more on individual risk factors rather than the broader population perspective.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community participation. In the Community Mobilization Framework, addressing community participation first within the social planning component is crucial because it ensures that community members are actively involved in decision-making processes. This approach empowers the community, increases ownership of health promotion initiatives, and promotes sustainability. Shifting power relationships (A) may come later once community participation is established. Problem solving at the community level (B) and addressing community social concerns (D) are important aspects but should be built upon a foundation of active community participation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Including Cuban immigrants from the community on the centre's advisory board is the best action as it directly involves the key stakeholders in decision-making processes. This approach ensures cultural relevance, fosters trust, and promotes shared decision-making, all of which are essential for implementing evidence-informed practice effectively in a diverse community setting. By engaging Cuban immigrants in the advisory board, the nurse leader can gain valuable insights, perspectives, and feedback that can inform and tailor the centre's services to better meet the needs of the population. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Having university experts review policies may provide valuable insights but lacks direct involvement of the community members affected. B: Weekly staff meetings may promote discussion, but without direct input from the Cuban immigrant population, the decisions made may not fully align with their needs. D: Sending staff to conferences and seminars can enhance knowledge but does not actively involve the community in decision-making processes.