In addition to promoting the transport of glucose from the blood into the cell, what does insulin do?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the endocrine system, insulin plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism. The correct answer, option D, states that insulin accelerates the transport of amino acids into cells and their synthesis into protein. This is accurate because insulin not only facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells but also promotes protein synthesis by enhancing the transport of amino acids into cells. This process is essential for cell growth, repair, and overall metabolic functions. Option A, enhancing the breakdown of adipose tissue for energy, is incorrect because insulin actually inhibits the breakdown of adipose tissue (lipolysis) to prioritize glucose utilization. Option B, stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, is also incorrect as insulin works in opposition to these processes by promoting glycogen synthesis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis to lower blood glucose levels. Option C, preventing the transport of triglycerides into adipose tissue, is incorrect because insulin promotes the uptake and storage of triglycerides in adipose tissue, especially in the fed state when energy is being stored for later use. Educationally, understanding the multifaceted role of insulin in regulating metabolism is crucial for comprehending how the endocrine system maintains homeostasis. Knowing the specific actions of insulin on various tissues and substrates helps in grasping the interconnectedness of metabolic pathways and the importance of hormonal balance in overall health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I'll know if I have sores or lesions on my feet because they will be painful." The rationale for why this statement indicates a need for additional instruction is because individuals with diabetes often experience neuropathy, which can result in reduced sensation in their extremities, including the feet. This means that a diabetic patient may not feel pain from sores or lesions developing on their feet, leading to potential complications like infections and ulcers. Option A is correct because washing feet daily with soap and warm water is an essential part of foot care for diabetic patients to prevent infections. Option B is correct because wearing shoes at all times is crucial to protect diabetic feet from injuries that could lead to serious complications. Option C is correct because using a heating pad when feet are cold can cause burns due to reduced sensitivity in diabetic feet. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of proper foot care in diabetic patients to prevent complications such as infections, ulcers, and amputations. It emphasizes the need for diabetic individuals to inspect their feet regularly, regardless of pain, to identify issues early and seek medical attention promptly. This scenario underscores the significance of patient education in managing diabetes effectively and promoting self-care practices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to overactivity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). Option A, "Exophthalmos occurs in Graves' disease," is the correct statement. Exophthalmos, or bulging eyes, is a classic symptom of Graves' disease due to inflammation and swelling of the eye muscles and tissues behind the eyes. Option B is incorrect because Graves' disease is actually the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, not uncommon. Option C is incorrect as hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease results from the production of stimulating antibodies, not tissue desensitization to the sympathetic nervous system. Option D is also incorrect because in Graves' disease, there is a decreased TSH level due to negative feedback from elevated thyroid hormone levels. From an educational standpoint, understanding the specific manifestations of Graves' disease is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately diagnose and manage patients with this condition. Recognizing exophthalmos as a hallmark sign can aid in early detection and appropriate treatment, highlighting the importance of detailed knowledge of endocrine disorders in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Calcium supplements with vitamin D can effectively maintain calcium balance. This is the most appropriate teaching for a patient with hypoparathyroidism post-surgical treatment for hyperparathyroidism because it addresses the specific issue of calcium imbalance that arises from the reduced parathyroid function. Option A) is incorrect because increasing dairy intake alone may not provide sufficient calcium and vitamin D to maintain the required balance, especially in cases of hypoparathyroidism. Option B) is incorrect as routine parenteral replacement of parathyroid hormone is not typically required for life and is not the standard of care. Option D) is incorrect as bran and whole-grain foods are not specifically indicated for managing the GI effects of replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to understand the specific dietary and therapeutic needs of patients with endocrine disorders. Providing accurate and tailored education to patients empowers them to manage their condition effectively and prevent complications. By explaining the rationale behind the correct answer, patients can make informed decisions about their health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) void one-half hour before the test, then at the time of the test. Rationale: For an accurate urine test for glucose and acetone, it is essential to instruct the patient to void one-half hour before the test and then at the time of the test. Voiding before the test helps to ensure that the urine sample is not contaminated with residual urine from the bladder, which could give false results. This practice helps obtain a more accurate representation of the body's current status in terms of glucose and acetone levels. Explanation of other options: A) Performing the urine test one-half hour after meals and at bedtime may not provide a clear indication of the baseline glucose and acetone levels in the urine because they can be influenced by recent food intake. B) Drinking three glasses of water before the test may dilute the urine sample, affecting the concentration of glucose and acetone, leading to inaccurate results. D) Increasing carbohydrate intake if the results are negative is not a correct practice as it does not address the immediate need for an accurate urine test and could potentially skew the results. Educational context: Understanding the correct timing and preparation for urine tests is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately assess a patient's health status. Educating patients on the proper procedures for urine testing helps ensure reliable results and effective monitoring of conditions such as diabetes or ketosis. Proper instructions contribute to better patient outcomes and informed decision-making in healthcare.