ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
In acute pharyngitis, antibiotic therapy should be started promptly in children with all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotics are urgent for confirmed strep (A, C, D, E). Past family history (B) alone doesn’t necessitate immediate treatment without current evidence.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding complications of pertussis, the MOST permanent disability is a result of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Encephalopathy (E) from pertussis can cause permanent neurologic damage, per complication data.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-year-old child with surgically repaired cyanotic CHD with prosthetic valve presented with sudden attack of unexplained fever, malaise, and weight loss; on examination there are palpable spleen, tachycardia, and a new heart murmur. Of the following, the MOST likely etiologic pathogen of this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viridans streptococci (A) are the most common cause of subacute endocarditis with prosthetic valves, per IDSA.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-year-old child presented with high fever, diarrhea, and seizure; stool examination is foul smelling and positive for mucus, blood, and leukocytes. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shigellosis (B) fits fever, seizures, and bloody/mucoid diarrhea with leukocytes, per pediatric ID.
Question 5 of 5
Ali's mother is worried about her 10-month-old infant who is exposed to his sister with hepatitis A viral infection. Of the following, the BEST advice is to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunoglobulin (C) within 14 days post-exposure prevents HAV in infants <1 year, per CDC, as vaccine (B) is less effective at this age.