In a typical 28 days female reproductive cycle, on which day following the beginning of the menstrual period is the level of luteinizing hormone most likely to be highest?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Day 14). On day 14 of a typical 28-day female reproductive cycle, the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) is most likely to be highest. This is because day 14 corresponds to ovulation, which is triggered by a surge in LH. Ovulation occurs when the mature egg is released from the ovary, and LH surge is crucial in this process. Therefore, the peak level of LH is expected on day 14. Incorrect Choices: A: Day 5 - Too early in the cycle for LH surge. B: Day 7 - Still early in the cycle for LH surge. D: Day 21 - LH surge typically occurs around day 14, not day 21.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervical cancer. Cervical cancer can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding due to the presence of cancerous cells in the cervix. This can lead to spotting or bleeding between periods. Endometrial cancer (choice B) and endometrial carcinoma (choice D) specifically involve the endometrium, not the cervix. Leiomyoma (choice C) refers to uterine fibroids, which can cause heavy menstrual bleeding but are not typically associated with vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly relates to per vaginal bleeding, while the other choices are not directly linked to this symptom.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: in the fifth month of pregnancy. The testes begin to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during the fifth month of pregnancy. This process is crucial for proper development and function of the testes. Descending at this stage allows for the testes to be positioned outside the body, which is essential for sperm production as it requires a slightly lower temperature than the internal body temperature. Summary: A: at birth - Incorrect, as the descent of the testes occurs during fetal development, not at birth. B: two months after birth - Incorrect, as the descent happens during pregnancy, not after birth. C: two months prior to birth - Incorrect, as the descent occurs during pregnancy, not prior to birth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: scrotum. The scrotum is a male-specific structure that houses the testes, which are responsible for producing sperm. In females, there is no homologous structure that serves the same function as the scrotum. The other choices (A: penis, C: prostate, D: bulbourethral glands) have homologous structures in females (clitoris, Skene's glands, and Bartholin's glands, respectively). This differentiation is based on the embryological development of male and female reproductive structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: one ovum. During oogenesis, a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis to produce one mature ovum and three polar bodies. The ovum contains the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles needed for fertilization. The other choices are incorrect because: A: one secondary oocyte - After meiosis I, the primary oocyte develops into one secondary oocyte and one polar body. B: two secondary oocytes - This is not a possible outcome of oogenesis as only one secondary oocyte is produced. D: four ootids - Ootids are the immediate products of meiosis II in oogenesis and are not the final mature gametes like the ovum.