ATI RN
Fundamentals Patient Safety and Wound Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
In a trauma situation, it is acceptable to administer either normal saline or lactated Ringer's to your patient for volume replacement. What is the primary benefit of choosing lactated Ringer's?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactated Ringer's helps decrease acidosis in a hypovolemic patient. Lactated Ringer's contains lactate, which is converted to bicarbonate in the body, helping to buffer acidosis. Normal saline does not have this buffering capacity, making lactated Ringer's more beneficial in correcting acidosis in trauma patients. Choice A is incorrect because both normal saline and lactated Ringer's stay in the vascular system for a similar duration. Choice B is incorrect because neither normal saline nor lactated Ringer's can carry red blood cells. Choice D is incorrect because lactated Ringer's does not increase acidosis; it helps decrease acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
You are on the scene of a vehicle accident with entrapment. Why is it so important to ensure the battery has been disconnected before attempting to enter the vehicle or extricate the driver?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To ensure any undeployed airbags do not discharge and cause an injury to the patient or anyone involved. It is important to disconnect the battery before attempting to enter the vehicle or extricate the driver because doing so can prevent any undeployed airbags from suddenly deploying during the extrication process. Deploying airbags can cause serious injuries to the patient or rescuers due to the force and speed at which they inflate. Disconnecting the battery helps to eliminate this risk and ensures a safer extrication process. Choice A is incorrect because the main concern is not about the vehicle moving during extrication. Choice C is incorrect as electrocution risk is more related to high-voltage components in hybrid or electric vehicles, not just the standard battery. Choice D is incorrect as the battery disconnection is primarily to prevent airbag deployment, not to prevent fires in the passenger compartment.
Question 3 of 5
Principle of triage for 27 seriously injured in an aircraft accident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Produce the greatest number of survivors based on available resources." This principle of triage, known as "maximizing the number of survivors," aims to save as many lives as possible by prioritizing treatment based on the likelihood of survival with available resources. By focusing on maximizing the number of survivors, it ensures efficient use of limited resources and increases overall survival rates. Other choices are incorrect because solely treating the most severely injured patients first (A) may not lead to the highest number of survivors, establishing a field triage area directed by a doctor (B) might not always be feasible in emergency situations, and rapidly transporting all patients to the nearest hospital (C) may not consider the severity of injuries or resource limitations.
Question 4 of 5
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion. In severe traumatic brain injury, avoiding profound hypocarbia is important to prevent cerebral vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the brain, worsening the injury. Hypocarbia causes constriction of cerebral blood vessels, leading to decreased perfusion and exacerbating brain damage. Respiratory alkalosis (A) and metabolic acidosis (C) are not direct consequences of hypocarbia in this context. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (D) is caused by increased permeability of pulmonary capillaries due to neurological insult, not by hypocarbia.
Question 5 of 5
A 52-year-old woman sustaining 50% total body surface burns in an explosion. She has burns around the chest and both upper arms. Adequate resuscitation is initiate She is nasotracheally intubated and is being mechanically ventilate Her CarboxyHb level is 10%. Her arterial blood gas reveals PaO2 of 40mmHg, PaCO2 of 60mmHg, and pH of 7.25. Appropriate immediate management at the time is to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Ensure adequate tissue perfusion." In this scenario, the patient has sustained significant burns and is showing signs of respiratory distress with low PaO2, high PaCO2, and acidosis. Ensuring adequate tissue perfusion is crucial to optimize oxygen delivery to tissues. This can be achieved by optimizing hemodynamics, fluid resuscitation, and maintaining a balance between oxygen delivery and consumption. Increasing fluid resuscitation (choice B) may worsen the patient's respiratory status by causing fluid overload. Adding PEEP (choice C) may be beneficial in some cases but addressing tissue perfusion is more critical in this scenario. Reassessing for the presence of pneumothorax (choice D) is important but not the immediate priority in this case.