In a research study, which of the following is a primary advantage of using a control group?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To minimize the effects of confounding variables. By using a control group, researchers can compare the effects of the independent variable in the experimental group without interference from other variables. This helps isolate the true impact of the independent variable and strengthens the internal validity of the study. Option A is incorrect as the control group does not directly increase the sample size. Option C is incorrect as the purpose of the control group is not just for comparison, but to control for extraneous variables. Option D is incorrect because random sampling pertains to how participants are selected, whereas the control group's purpose is to control for variables beyond sampling.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a middle adult male who is diaphoretic and reports epigastric pain may be experiencing a heart attack or another serious cardiac issue, requiring immediate provider care. Diaphoresis and epigastric pain are classic symptoms of a heart problem, making it a priority to rule out life-threatening conditions. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: While the adolescent female with belligerence and slurred speech may need attention, her symptoms are not immediately life-threatening. B: The toddler with a laceration on the forehead needs prompt care but is not in immediate danger. D: The young adult with a sunburn, although painful, does not require immediate provider care compared to a potential cardiac emergency presented by choice C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Objective data. Objective data refers to factual information that is observable and measurable by anyone, regardless of personal biases or interpretations. This type of data is concrete and can be verified through various means, making it reliable and consistent. In contrast, subjective data (choice A) is influenced by individual perspectives, feelings, and opinions, making it less reliable and more prone to bias. Choices C and D are likely left blank as they do not align with the concept of data detectable by an observer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (Weight and height) because BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated using weight and height measurements. The formula for BMI is weight (in kilograms) divided by height squared (in meters). This calculation gives an indication of a person's overall body fat and helps assess the risk of health problems related to weight. Choice A (Height and bp) is incorrect because blood pressure (bp) is not used in calculating BMI. Choice C (Face and vital signs) is also incorrect as these factors are not relevant to determining BMI. Choice D is incomplete. In summary, weight and height are the key components needed to compute BMI accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presence of fluid in a bulla on the leg indicates a blister, commonly caused by friction or burns. The fluid acts as a protective cushion for the underlying skin. Pus, on the other hand, is a sign of infection and inflammation, not typically found in a bulla. Therefore, option A is correct as it aligns with the typical presentation and pathophysiology of a bulla. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as pus is not a characteristic feature of a bulla and the other choices are incomplete or irrelevant.