In a patient with a positive Chvostek’s sign, the nurse would anticipate the IV administration of which medication?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Calcium gluconate. Chvostek's sign is a clinical indicator of hypocalcemia, characterized by facial muscle twitching in response to tapping the facial nerve. Calcium gluconate is the appropriate medication for treating hypocalcemia due to its rapid onset of action and ability to quickly raise serum calcium levels. Option A) Calcitonin is primarily used to regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body by inhibiting bone breakdown. It is not the first-line treatment for acute hypocalcemia. Option B) Vitamin D helps in calcium absorption from the gut and is important for maintaining calcium balance in the body, but it is not the immediate treatment for correcting acute hypocalcemia. Option C) Loop diuretics like furosemide are not indicated for treating hypocalcemia. In fact, they can worsen calcium levels by promoting renal calcium excretion. Educational Context: Understanding the significance of Chvostek's sign as an indicator of hypocalcemia is crucial in nursing practice. Knowing the appropriate intervention, such as the administration of Calcium gluconate, can prevent serious complications like muscle spasms, tetany, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with severe hypocalcemia. Nurses should be well-versed in recognizing and managing electrolyte imbalances to provide safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgG. IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma, comprising around 75% of total immunoglobulins. It is produced in response to infections and provides long-term immunity. IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection, but its concentration decreases over time. IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas and secretions. IgD is present in small amounts and its function is not fully understood. Thus, IgG is the correct answer due to its high concentration in plasma and important role in long-term immunity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a B-cell undergoes immunoglobulin class switching, the variable region of the heavy chain remains the same but its constant region changes. This process allows the B-cell to produce antibodies with different effector functions while maintaining the same antigen specificity. By changing the constant region of the heavy chain, the B-cell can switch from producing IgM to IgG, IgA, or IgE antibodies. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the specific changes that occur during immunoglobulin class switching in B-cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a capillary refill time of 8 seconds indicates poor perfusion, which could be a sign of compromised blood flow to the fingers post-surgical decompression. This finding requires immediate action to prevent complications such as ischemia or impaired wound healing. A: Swollen and warm fingers are expected after surgery due to inflammation. B: Generalized pain can be managed with appropriate pain relief measures and is not an immediate concern post-surgery. D: Pink and cool fingers indicate adequate perfusion and are normal findings post-surgery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because immunoglobulins can indeed recognize conformational antigens on viral particles. Immunoglobulins have variable regions that can bind to a wide range of antigen shapes. Choice A is correct as Ig structure consists of two light and two heavy chains. Choice C is incorrect as immunoglobulins can also bind to internal epitopes. Choice D is incorrect as Ig expression starts during the late B cell development stage.