ATI RN
Drugs Affecting the Female Reproductive System Quizlet Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
In a patient of diabetes mellitus maintained on insulin therapy, administration of the following drug can impair glycaemia control:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A (Prednisolone) is correct: 1. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid that can cause hyperglycemia by increasing insulin resistance. 2. This drug can lead to elevated blood glucose levels and worsen glycemic control in diabetic patients. 3. Prednisolone can counteract the effects of insulin, making it difficult to maintain stable blood sugar levels. 4. Therefore, in a patient with diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy, the addition of prednisolone can impair glycemic control. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: B: Prazosin is an alpha-blocker used to treat hypertension, it does not directly affect glycemia control. C: Paracetamol is an analgesic with no direct impact on blood glucose levels. D: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that does not interfere with glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.
Question 2 of 5
Sulfonylurea hypoglycaemics act by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increasing insulin secretion from pancreas. Sulfonylurea hypoglycaemics stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization and subsequent calcium influx, triggering insulin release. Choice A is incorrect as sulfonylureas do not affect intestinal absorption of glucose. Choice C is incorrect as sulfonylureas do not reverse down-regulation of insulin receptors. Choice D is incorrect as only choice B is correct.
Question 3 of 5
Metformin acts by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin acts by suppressing gluconeogenesis and glucose output from the liver. It inhibits the enzyme responsible for gluconeogenesis, reducing glucose production. This leads to decreased blood glucose levels. Other choices are incorrect because metformin does not directly affect insulin release, insulin receptor upregulation, or insulin degradation.
Question 4 of 5
Select the drug which tends to reverse insulin resistance by increasing cellular glucose transporters:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that works by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), which then increases the expression of glucose transporters on the cell membrane. This leads to improved cellular glucose uptake and utilization, thus reversing insulin resistance. Rationale: A. Glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas but does not directly affect cellular glucose transporters. C. Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that delays carbohydrate digestion but does not increase cellular glucose transporters. D. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid that can worsen insulin resistance by increasing blood glucose levels through various mechanisms.
Question 5 of 5
Corticosteroids exert antiinflammatory action by inhibiting the following enzyme:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lipoxygenase. Corticosteroids inhibit the enzyme lipoxygenase, which is responsible for the production of leukotrienes, potent mediators of inflammation. By inhibiting lipoxygenase, corticosteroids reduce inflammation. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Cyclooxygenase - Corticosteroids do not directly inhibit cyclooxygenase, which is the enzyme targeted by NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen. C: Phospholipase - Corticosteroids primarily inhibit phospholipase A2, not phospholipase, to reduce the production of arachidonic acid. D: A - This choice is unclear and does not specify a particular enzyme. Therefore, it is not a valid answer.