In a particular community, high school students were starting to be diagnosed with diabetes during annual high school health fairs. Over the next few years, a nursing staff worked very hard to establish and maintain educational programs on diabetes risk factors and proper nutrition. How will the nurses know if they are having any impact?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. This is the most appropriate measure to assess the impact of the nursing staff's educational programs. Prevalence refers to the total number of individuals with a disease in a population at a specific time. By tracking the prevalence of diabetes during screening events over time, the nurses can determine if their efforts are effective in reducing the number of students diagnosed with diabetes. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: The epidemic of diabetes in the high school is gradually ending - This choice is too broad and doesn't provide a specific measure of impact. Ending an epidemic would require more than just the efforts of the nursing staff. B: The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events - Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease within a specific time period. While this is important, it does not capture the overall impact of the educational programs on the existing diabetic cases in the community.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because weighing students can help identify those who are overweight, allowing for early intervention and support. This secondary prevention strategy enables the nurse to target at-risk children and provide tailored interventions. Option A focuses on primary prevention by promoting healthy habits generally. Option B is a health promotion activity rather than secondary prevention. Option D is not recommended as it involves putting students on a diet without considering individual circumstances, which can be harmful.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased sensitivity. Persons with AIDS have compromised immune systems, which can lead to a false negative TB skin test result even if they are infected. Decreased sensitivity means the test may not correctly identify true positive cases, leading to false negatives. A: Decreased positive predictive value - This is not the correct answer because positive predictive value refers to the likelihood that a positive test result truly indicates the presence of the condition. Sensitivity and specificity impact the accuracy of the test results. B: Decreased reliability - This is not the correct answer as reliability refers to the consistency of the test results. Sensitivity specifically relates to the ability of the test to correctly identify those with the condition. D: Decreased specificity - This is not the correct answer as specificity refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the condition. Sensitivity, not specificity, is affected in this scenario due to the immune deficiencies in persons with AIDS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. This source provides comprehensive data on health problems requiring hospitalization, aiding in long-range planning for staffing and space allocation. It offers detailed and standardized information on diagnoses and procedures, enabling the medical center to identify trends accurately. A: Local data from a professional survey may not capture a complete picture of health problems requiring hospitalization and may lack standardization. B: The National Health Interview Survey focuses on self-reported health conditions, which may not reflect the actual hospitalization needs. D: State's vital statistics provide data on births, deaths, and other vital events but may not offer detailed information on hospitalization trends.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because as a nurse, it is important to provide evidence-based information to parents and let them make informed decisions. By sharing the finding with the parents, they can assess the risk and decide whether enrolling their sons in Cub Scouts is suitable for them. This empowers parents to make choices based on available information. Choice A is incorrect because it assumes a direct causation between Cub Scouts and obesity without considering other factors. Choice B is incorrect because as a nurse, providing relevant information to parents is essential for their decision-making process. Choice C is incorrect because it imposes a decision on the parents without allowing them to consider all the factors involved.