ATI RN
Microbiology An Introduction 12th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
In 8 days after a surgery the patient developed tetanus. The surgeon suspects this condition to be caused by suture material contaminated by tetanus agent. The material is delivered to a bacteriological laboratory. What nutrient medium is required for primary inoculation of the suture material?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kitt-Tarozzi medium. This medium is used for the primary inoculation of suture material suspected of causing tetanus. The rationale is that Kitt-Tarozzi medium contains the necessary nutrients to support the growth of Clostridium tetani, the bacterium responsible for tetanus. This medium is selective and helps in isolating the specific pathogen from the contaminated suture material. Summary of other choices: B: Endo agar is used for the isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from clinical and non-clinical samples. C: Sabouraud agar is used for the isolation of fungi and yeast. D: Egg-yolk salt agar is used for the detection of lipase-producing bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus.
Question 2 of 9
The correct statement is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because bacteria synthesize enzymes with various nature and action. This is true because bacteria can produce a wide range of enzymes to carry out different functions such as metabolism, cell wall synthesis, and nutrient acquisition. Option A is incorrect because bacteria do not synthesize identical enzyme sets due to their diverse functions. Option C is incorrect as bacteria and viruses have distinct enzyme profiles. Option D is incorrect as viruses typically have a narrower range of enzymes compared to bacteria. Therefore, the variability in enzyme types and actions produced by bacteria supports the correctness of option B.
Question 3 of 9
Enzymes that remove functional groups from a substrate without adding water, or that add functional groups to a double bond, are called
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: lyases. Lyases are enzymes that catalyze the breaking of chemical bonds without the addition of water. They can remove functional groups from substrates or add functional groups to double bonds without the use of water. A: Oxidoreductases involve the transfer of electrons. B: Transferases transfer functional groups from one molecule to another. C: Hydrolases catalyze the breaking of bonds by adding water.
Question 4 of 9
Which bacteria produce a toxin that inhibits protein synthesis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Shigella dysenteriae. This bacteria produces the Shiga toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the ribosomes. Shigella dysenteriae causes severe gastrointestinal illness. The other choices, B: Clostridium botulinum, produces a neurotoxin that blocks neurotransmitter release. C: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia and other respiratory infections. D: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis by infecting the lungs. Thus, based on the toxin production and mode of action, Shigella dysenteriae is the correct answer.
Question 5 of 9
Specify the FALSE statement. Bacteriocins:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because bacteriocins are substances with protein nature, not polysaccharides. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that kill bacterial cells, mainly those of closely related species or other strains of the same species. Polysaccharides are not typically involved in bacteriocin activity. Therefore, option C is false. Options A, B, and D are true statements supported by the nature and function of bacteriocins.
Question 6 of 9
The complex of all biological processes/mechanisms responsible for the state of steady internal, physical and chemical conditions in the living systems and defense against all foreign agents is knows as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various biological processes and mechanisms that regulate factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient levels within narrow limits. This is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Now, let's analyze the other choices: A: Infection - Infection refers to the invasion and multiplication of harmful microorganisms in the body, leading to illnesses. It is not the correct answer as it does not encompass the overall maintenance of internal conditions. C: Immunity - Immunity is the body's ability to resist and fight off infections. While immunity is related to defense against foreign agents, it does not fully capture the concept of maintaining internal stability. D: Commensalism - Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between different species where one benefits without harming the other. It is not related to the overall regulation of
Question 7 of 9
In the South and Central America there can be found a species of trypanosomes that is the causative agent of Chagas disease. What animal is the infection carrier specific to this disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Triatomine bug. Triatomine bugs, also known as "kissing bugs," are the specific carrier of the trypanosomes that cause Chagas disease. These bugs transmit the parasite through their feces, which contain the infectious forms of the trypanosomes. When the bug bites a human or animal, it defecates near the bite wound, allowing the parasites to enter the bloodstream through the broken skin. Mosquitoes (B) transmit diseases like malaria and dengue fever, not Chagas disease. Tsetse flies (C) are known for transmitting African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), not Chagas disease. Cockroaches (D) are not known to transmit Chagas disease.
Question 8 of 9
A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lice. Lice, specifically body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), are known carriers of the pathogen Rickettsia prowazekii, which causes epidemic typhus. Body lice are commonly found in unsanitary conditions and can transmit the bacteria through their bites. Spiders (choice B), bed-bugs (choice C), and cockroaches (choice D) are not known vectors of epidemic typhus. Spiders are predators that do not transmit diseases to humans, while bed-bugs and cockroaches are associated with other health issues but not epidemic typhus transmission.
Question 9 of 9
The most rapid rate of drug absorption is achieved by __________ administration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: intravenous administration. This route bypasses the first-pass metabolism, allowing the drug to directly enter the bloodstream for immediate distribution. In contrast, on the skin (A) and sublingual (D) routes have slower absorption rates due to barriers like skin layers or mucous membranes. Intramuscular (C) absorption is slower than intravenous due to slower perfusion rates in muscle tissues. Overall, intravenous administration provides the fastest and most direct route for drug absorption, making it the most rapid method.