Immunosupressive effect of glucocorticoids is caused by

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Glucocorticoids exert their immunosuppressive effect through multiple mechanisms. A: Glucocorticoids reduce lymphocyte (T and B cells) concentration and inhibit the function of tissue macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells, leading to decreased immune response. B: Glucocorticoids suppress cyclooxygenase II expression, reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which is involved in inflammation. C: Glucocorticoids activate phospholipase A2, reducing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, further dampening the immune response. Therefore, all of the choices (A, B, and C) contribute to the immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoids.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Clofibrate is the drug of choice for type III hyperlipidemia due to its ability to reduce triglyceride levels. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the specific drug recommended for type III hyperlipidemia. Choice B is incorrect as clofibrate is indeed the preferred drug for this condition. Choice C is incorrect as not all options are valid in this context. Choice D is incorrect as there is a specific drug recommended for type III hyperlipidemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Glucocorticoid hormones affect bone mineral homeostasis by antagonizing vitamin D-stimulated calcium absorption in the intestines, stimulating renal calcium excretion, and increasing parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all these mechanisms contribute to the overall impact of glucocorticoids on bone health. Choices A, B, and C alone do not fully capture the multifaceted effects of glucocorticoids on bone mineral homeostasis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it presents incorrect information about fluoride. Subjects living in areas with naturally fluoridated water actually have fewer dental caries, not more. This is due to the protective effect of fluoride on teeth. The other choices are correct: A) Fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries by strengthening the enamel, B) Fluoride does accumulate in bones and teeth, enhancing their strength, and D) Chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride can lead to skeletal fluorosis, not just crippling fluorosis. Therefore, C is the only statement that contradicts established facts about fluoride.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - Disolum, Trisolum. These drugs are electrolyte solutions used to control water-salt and acid-base balance. Disolum contains sodium chloride and Trisolum contains sodium bicarbonate, both essential for maintaining electrolyte balance. Option A, B, and C are not directly involved in regulating water-salt and acid-base balance. Polyglucinum is a colloidal solution used for volume replacement, Haemodesum is a plasma substitute, and Glucose isotonic for injections is a source of energy and not specifically for electrolyte balance.