ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Immunomodulating agent is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three choices (Sirolimus, Levamisole, and Tacrolimus) are immunomodulating agents that work by modifying the immune response. Sirolimus inhibits T-cell activation, Levamisole enhances immune function, and Tacrolimus suppresses T-cell activation. Each agent targets specific components of the immune system to regulate the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is D as all the listed options are immunomodulating agents. Choice A, Sirolimus, is an mTOR inhibitor used in immunosuppression. Choice B, Levamisole, is an immunostimulant used in treating parasitic infections. Choice C, Tacrolimus, is a calcineurin inhibitor used in immunosuppression.
Question 2 of 5
Niacin’s most common side effects can be reduced by pretreatment with aspirin and/or by taking the drug at the end of meals. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Niacin commonly causes side effects like flushing and itching due to prostaglandin release. 2. Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, reducing niacin-induced flushing. 3. Taking niacin with meals slows absorption, minimizing side effects. 4. Therefore, pretreatment with aspirin and taking niacin at the end of meals can reduce its side effects. Summary: - Choice B is incorrect as the statement is true based on the rationale provided. - Choice C is incorrect as it implies all options are true, which is not the case. - Choice D is incorrect as the statement is true, so none of the choices are correct.
Question 3 of 5
The long-term effects of hypophosphatemia include proximal muscle weakness and abnormal bone mineralization (osteomalacia). This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hypophosphatemia can lead to proximal muscle weakness and osteomalacia due to inadequate phosphate levels affecting muscle and bone health. Choice B is incorrect as the statement in the question is true. Choice C is incorrect as not all choices are correct. Choice D is incorrect as the statement is true, so it cannot be none.
Question 4 of 5
The drug should never be administered to patients taking potassium supplements:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiloride (Midamor). Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that helps the body retain potassium. Administering it to patients already taking potassium supplements can lead to hyperkalemia, an excessive level of potassium in the blood, which can be dangerous. Hydrochlorothiazide (A) and Furosemide (C) are not potassium-sparing diuretics and do not pose the same risk of hyperkalemia. Choice D is incorrect because Amiloride specifically interacts with potassium levels, making it crucial to avoid concurrent use with potassium supplements.
Question 5 of 5
Biosynthetic penicillins are effective against:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because biosynthetic penicillins are effective against a wide range of organisms listed in choice A. They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, making them effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Corynebacterium diphtheria, spirochetes, and Clostridium gangrene are all susceptible to penicillins. Choice B is incorrect because penicillins are not effective against mycobacterium species. Choice C is also incorrect because penicillins do not have activity against viruses. Choice D is incorrect because penicillins are not typically effective against Gram-negative cocci or Rickettsia, and they are not used for mycotic infections.