Immunodeficiency:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because immunodeficiency refers to a disorder or deficiency in the normal immune response. This means that the immune system is not functioning properly, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and other health issues. Choice A describes inflammation, not immunodeficiency. Choice C describes autoimmune disease, which is different from immunodeficiency. Choice D is incorrect because not all the statements are related to immunodeficiency. In summary, the correct answer is B because it directly relates to a malfunction in the immune system, while the other choices describe different processes or conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (D): 1. Aminoglutethimide is an aromatase inhibitor used in cancer therapy. 2. Aromatase inhibitors block the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens. 3. By inhibiting aromatase, aminoglutethimide reduces estrogen production, beneficial in hormone-sensitive cancers. 4. Physostigmine (A) is a cholinesterase inhibitor, Allopurinol (B) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and Aminocaproic acid (C) is an antifibrinolytic agent, not aromatase inhibitors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Probucol (Lorelco). Probucol blocks the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by inhibiting the formation of lipid peroxides. This is important in preventing the development of atherosclerosis. Lovastatin (A) works by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, Nicotinic acid (B) lowers LDL and triglycerides but does not specifically block oxidation, and Gemfibrozil (C) decreases triglyceride levels but does not directly block LDL oxidation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oral. Alendronate is typically administered orally as it is a bisphosphonate used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The oral route ensures optimal absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Intravenous and subcutaneous routes are not commonly used for alendronate due to potential adverse effects and practicality issues. Intranasal route is not a common administration method for alendronate. In summary, the oral route is preferred for alendronate administration due to its efficacy, safety, and convenience compared to other routes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Loop diuretics. Loop diuretics are the most potent diuretics because they act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where they inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to significant diuresis. This mechanism results in a higher diuretic effect compared to other classes of diuretics. Thiazide diuretics (B) act on the distal convoluted tubule and are less potent. Potassium-sparing diuretics (C) work on the collecting duct and have a weaker diuretic effect. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (D) work on the proximal tubule and are considered mild diuretics compared to loop diuretics.