Immunity to a disease after recovery is possible because the first exposure to the pathogen has stimulated the formation of which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Immunity to a disease after recovery is possible because the first exposure to the pathogen has stimulated the formation of memory cells. Memory cells are a type of immune cell that "remembers" the specific pathogen encountered during the initial infection. When the same pathogen tries to infect the individual again, these memory cells quickly recognize the pathogen and mount a faster and stronger immune response, leading to a quicker recovery and preventing the person from getting sick again from the same pathogen. This immune memory is the basis of acquired immunity, providing long-lasting protection against future infections by the same pathogen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nursing intervention in preparation for a brain scanning test such as an MRI or CT scan should include explaining to the patient (Mr. RR in this case) that although his head will be supported in place for a period of time during the test, the procedure itself will not be painful. Providing this explanation helps to alleviate any anxiety or fear Mr. RR may have about the test and ensures that he feels comfortable and well-informed before the procedure. This communication is key to promoting a positive patient experience and ensuring cooperation during the test. It also helps in managing patient expectations and reducing any potential stress or discomfort during the scanning process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Familial adenomatous polyposis significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Performing neurovascular checks is the priority nursing action immediately after applying a spica cast on Baby Betty. A spica cast is used to immobilize the hips and thighs, which can affect circulation and nerve function in the lower extremities. Neurovascular checks involve assessing the circulation, sensation, and movement of the affected limb to ensure there are no signs of impaired circulation or nerve damage. It is crucial to monitor for any signs of compartment syndrome, such as pain, numbness, tingling, or decreased pulse, which could indicate a vascular compromise. Timely identification of any neurovascular compromise is essential to prevent complications and ensure the baby's safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The usual treatment for vaginal cancer typically involves surgery. The specific type of surgery can vary depending on the stage and type of cancer, but it often includes removal of the tumor or affected tissue. In some cases, surgery may be combined with other treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Surgery is considered a primary treatment option for many cases of vaginal cancer, particularly in early stages where the goal is to remove the cancerous cells and prevent further spread.