Immunity that protects the body from disease in general and is the first line of defense against invading bacteria or organisms is called:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonspecific immunity. This type of immunity provides general protection against a wide range of pathogens and is the body's first line of defense. Nonspecific immunity includes physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes, and certain cells that engulf and destroy pathogens. Specific immunity (A) is tailored to a particular pathogen, while active immunity (C) is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a pathogen, and passive immunity (D) is temporary protection transferred from another source. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it best describes the general defense mechanism against invading bacteria or organisms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 75 hours. This is the minimum number of hours of nursing assistant training required by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA). OBRA mandates that nursing assistants complete 75 hours of training, including 16 hours of supervised practical training. Choice A (30 hours) is too low, choice B (50 hours) does not meet the minimum requirement, and choice D (100 hours) exceeds the minimum training hours specified by OBRA. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it aligns with the specific training hours mandated by OBRA.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: F-tags. In healthcare facilities, surveyors use F-tags to cite problems found during inspections. These tags are part of the regulatory guidelines set by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to ensure compliance with health and safety standards. S-tags, I-tags, and P-tags do not specifically refer to the citations used by surveyors in healthcare facilities. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it directly relates to the tagging system used for identifying issues in healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a nursing assistant's responsibility in critical thinking involves promptly reporting any potential issues to the nurse for further assessment and intervention. This is crucial for ensuring timely and appropriate care for the resident. Seeking the resident's opinion (B) might not always be feasible or accurate in a critical situation. Asking the doctor for a medication change (C) is beyond the scope of a nursing assistant's role and requires medical expertise. Making changes to the care plan (D) should be done in collaboration with the nurse and other healthcare professionals after thorough evaluation of the situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breaking tasks into small steps. This approach is essential when caring for individuals with developmental disabilities to facilitate understanding and successful completion of tasks. Breaking tasks into small steps helps individuals focus, reduces overwhelm, and promotes independence. A: Offering praise only following a big accomplishment is incorrect as continuous positive reinforcement is important in building self-esteem and motivation. B: Actively discouraging social interaction is incorrect as social interaction is crucial for emotional well-being and overall development. D: Limiting conversation to residents who can verbalize is incorrect as communication can take various forms, and it is important to support and encourage communication in all individuals, regardless of their verbal abilities.