Immunity that protects the body from disease in general and is the first line of defense against invading bacteria or organisms is called:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonspecific immunity. Nonspecific immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens and does not target specific pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes, and chemical barriers like stomach acid and enzymes. Specific immunity (choice A) refers to the immune response targeted against specific pathogens. Active immunity (choice C) is immunity acquired through exposure to a pathogen or vaccine, leading to the production of antibodies. Passive immunity (choice D) is acquired through transfer of antibodies from another individual, providing immediate but temporary protection. Nonspecific immunity is the initial defense mechanism that protects the body from a wide range of pathogens before specific immunity is activated.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 75 hours. This is because the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 mandates a minimum of 75 hours of training for nursing assistants in federally regulated nursing homes. This requirement ensures that nursing assistants receive adequate training to provide quality care to residents. Choice A (30 hours) is incorrect as it does not meet the minimum training hours required by OBRA. Choice B (50 hours) is also incorrect as it falls short of the 75-hour minimum. Choice D (100 hours) is incorrect as it exceeds the minimum requirement set by OBRA. Thus, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the specific training hours mandated by OBRA for nursing assistants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: F-tags. In healthcare facilities, surveyors use F-tags to cite regulatory deficiencies. The letter "F" is associated with federal regulations, making F-tags the appropriate term. A: S-tags, C: I-tags, and D: P-tags are not commonly used terms in healthcare surveys. S-tags and I-tags do not align with the typical letter designation for federal regulations, while P-tags are not a recognized term in healthcare regulatory surveys.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a nursing assistant's responsibility in critical thinking is to promptly report any potential problem to the nurse for further assessment and intervention. This is crucial for ensuring the resident's safety and well-being. Seeking the resident's opinion (B) might not always be feasible or appropriate in urgent situations. Asking the doctor for medication changes (C) is beyond the nursing assistant's scope of practice. Making changes to the care plan (D) should be done under the supervision and direction of the nurse, not independently by the nursing assistant.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because breaking tasks into small steps is essential when caring for a person with a developmental disability. This approach helps in simplifying tasks, reducing overwhelm, and promoting successful completion. It also supports the person's independence and self-esteem. Option A is incorrect because praise should be given consistently to reinforce positive behaviors, not just following big accomplishments. Option B is incorrect as social interaction is crucial for the well-being and development of individuals with developmental disabilities. Option D is incorrect because communication should be encouraged with all residents, regardless of verbal abilities, using alternative methods like gestures or visual aids.