IgE antibodies against Malassezia furfur have been found in patients with atopic dermatitis of

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between atopic dermatitis and specific triggers is crucial for effective management. In this case, IgE antibodies against Malassezia furfur are associated with atopic dermatitis of the head and neck region. This is because Malassezia furfur is a yeast commonly found on the scalp, face, and upper body areas, which are more prone to colonization in patients with atopic dermatitis due to impaired skin barrier function. Option A is correct because the head and neck region are common sites for atopic dermatitis flare-ups due to increased sebaceous gland activity and exposure to environmental allergens like Malassezia furfur. Options B, C, and D can be eliminated because atopic dermatitis typically affects areas with higher sebaceous gland density and exposure to allergens, which are more prevalent in the head and neck region compared to the hands, arms, legs, and feet. Understanding the specific distribution patterns of atopic dermatitis helps nurses in assessing, treating, and educating patients and families about managing the condition effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding common complaints in allergic conjunctivitis is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment. The correct answer is B) itching. Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by itching, which is often the most bothersome symptom for patients. The itching results from the release of histamine in response to allergens, leading to inflammation and irritation of the conjunctiva. Option A) pain is less common in allergic conjunctivitis unless there is concurrent trauma or infection present. Option C) redness is a common symptom but may not be the MOST common presenting complaint. Option D) blurred vision is more commonly associated with other eye conditions such as refractive errors or more severe forms of conjunctivitis. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing key symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis in pediatric patients. By understanding the typical presentation of this condition, nurses can provide appropriate interventions and educate patients and families on managing symptoms effectively. It also emphasizes the significance of differentiating between various eye complaints to ensure accurate assessment and intervention in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In hereditary angioedema, the most common childhood symptom is cutaneous non-pitting and non-pruritic edema not associated with urticaria, which is option C. This is because hereditary angioedema is characterized by localized swelling in the deep layers of the skin and mucous membranes, which typically does not cause itching (non-pruritic) and does not leave an indentation when pressed (non-pitting). Option A is incorrect because it describes edema associated with urticaria (hives), which is not typically seen in hereditary angioedema. Option B is incorrect as pitting edema is not a characteristic of hereditary angioedema. Option D is also incorrect as urticaria is not commonly associated with hereditary angioedema in children. Understanding the distinguishing features of hereditary angioedema in children is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide accurate assessment and prompt intervention. By differentiating the symptoms of hereditary angioedema from other conditions, nurses can ensure appropriate treatment and management to prevent complications and improve outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and the diagnosis of serum sickness, the correct answer is D) the histopathological findings are not specific. This is because serum sickness is typically diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and history of exposure to triggering antigens (e.g., medications, vaccines). Skin biopsy is not usually necessary as the histopathological findings in serum sickness are not specific, meaning they do not provide definitive confirmation of the diagnosis. Option A is incorrect because while complement C3 and C4 levels may be altered in some immune-mediated conditions, they are not specific for serum sickness. Option B is incorrect because while clinical examination plays a vital role in diagnosis, it may not always provide a definitive confirmation of serum sickness. Option C is incorrect as skin tests are typically not used in the diagnosis of serum sickness. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to understand the diagnostic approach to immune-mediated conditions like serum sickness. By recognizing the limitations of certain diagnostic tests like skin biopsy and understanding the reliance on clinical assessment and history, nurses can effectively contribute to the accurate diagnosis and management of pediatric patients presenting with such conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) elimination and challenge test. In the context of establishing the diagnosis of cell-mediated food reactions in pediatric patients, an elimination and challenge test is the most appropriate method. This type of testing involves removing the suspected food from the diet (elimination) for a period of time and then reintroducing it (challenge) to observe for any adverse reactions. This process helps identify if the symptoms are indeed related to a specific food. A) The breath hydrogen test is used to diagnose lactose intolerance and does not specifically assess cell-mediated food reactions. B) Endoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the inside of the gastrointestinal tract and is not specific to diagnosing cell-mediated food reactions. D) IgE testing is used to identify IgE-mediated food allergies, which are different from cell-mediated reactions. Educationally, understanding the different methods of diagnosing food reactions in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers working in pediatric nursing. By knowing the appropriate tests for different types of reactions, nurses can provide effective care, dietary recommendations, and support to pediatric patients and their families dealing with food-related issues.