If the vertebrae are kept together by ligaments that are longitudinal, in what direction are these ligaments running?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal ligaments run lengthwise along the vertebral column (e.g., anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments), stabilizing the vertebrae vertically. Transverse is crosswise, and oblique is diagonal—neither matches 'longitudinal.'

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Options are: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, chamate. 'Chamate' is a misspelling of 'hamate,' a carpal bone with a hook-like process. All others are correctly spelled carpals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The tarsus (ankle) contains 7 tarsal bones: talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral), forming the foot’s proximal structure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Red marrow, located in spongy bone cavities (e.g., vertebrae, pelvis), produces blood cells (hematopoiesis), including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Yellow marrow stores fat, cartilage is connective tissue at joints, and spongy bone houses marrow but doesn’t produce cells itself.