If the systolic BP is elevated and the diastolic BP is normal, the nurse recognizes that a patient is most likely to have which type of hypertension?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Isolated systolic hypertension is characterized by elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) with normal diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In this case, if the systolic BP is elevated and the diastolic BP is normal, the nurse would recognize this pattern as indicative of isolated systolic hypertension. This condition is more common in older adults and is associated with aging and stiffening of the arteries. Patients with isolated systolic hypertension are at an increased risk of cardiovascular events, so it is important to monitor and manage their blood pressure appropriately.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: CNS lesions are not commonly associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The other anomalies are frequently seen in conjunction with CDH.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sleep-onset association disorder involves reliance on specific conditions to fall asleep.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Smoking presents the greatest threat for respiratory disease among the given options. Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals that can damage the lungs and airways, leading to conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and other respiratory disorders. Smoking is a well-known and established risk factor for a wide range of respiratory diseases and is considered one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. Therefore, quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke is crucial for maintaining respiratory health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Catch-up weight gain of 20-30 gm/kg/day is considered the minimum acceptable rate for children recovering from failure to thrive. Lower rates indicate insufficient progress, while higher rates may reflect excessive caloric intake.