If the plasma glucose is increasing more than 180 mg% but less than 270 mg:%

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Above 180 mg/dL (renal threshold), glucose filtration exceeds reabsorption capacity, increasing filtered and excreted amounts not fixed, equal, or absent in urine. This reflects glycosuria dynamics, key for diabetes monitoring, contrasting with normal reabsorption limits.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) invades veins early, has clear cells, causes hematuria, and affects adults not children (Wilms'). This corrects RCC epidemiology, vital for diagnosis, contrasting with pediatric tumors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Medullary hyperosmolarity arises from Na+ and urea (countercurrent), not glucose or K+ alone. This defines concentration gradient, critical for urine concentration, contrasting with single solutes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chronic renal failure (CRF) features hypertension, proteinuria progression, osteodystrophy, and hyperkalemia not hypokalemia (dyslipidemia true). This corrects electrolyte error, critical for CRF management, contrasting with hypokalemic states.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Glomerular filtration is passive ultrafiltration not unaffected by RBF (affects pressure) or 137 L/min (180 L/day). This corrects filtration mechanics, critical for GFR, contrasting with rate or flow errors.