If the patient is unable to talk, how should the nurse BEST communicate to the patient?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient is unable to talk, the nurse can best communicate with the patient by using picture cards. Picture cards can help the patient convey their needs, feelings, or responses by pointing to the corresponding pictures. This method allows for effective communication and understanding between the patient and the nurse, even when verbal communication is not possible. It promotes patient autonomy and ensures that their needs are accurately communicated and addressed. Additionally, picture cards can be a useful tool in reducing frustration and anxiety for patients who are unable to communicate verbally.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Uterine rupture is a serious obstetric emergency that involves a tear or rupture of the uterine wall during pregnancy. In this scenario, the pregnant woman with severe lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a tender, distended abdomen is showing signs consistent with uterine rupture. These symptoms are typically not seen with other conditions listed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Being assertive means expressing one's thoughts, beliefs, and feelings in a confident and respectful manner while also considering the perspective of others. It does not involve pushing control on others. Assertive individuals do not impose their beliefs on others but express themselves clearly and confidently, respecting the opinions of others. So, standing up for what one believes in can be assertive, but pushing control on others is not a characteristic of assertiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Of the options provided, documenting objective, observable findings such as large bruises on the thigh upon assessment is the most defensible entry in court. This type of entry is based on the nurse's direct observation and assessment of the patient's physical condition, which can be corroborated by other healthcare providers or evidence. It provides clear, factual information without making assumptions or subjective judgments. In court, this type of documentation can help support the nurse's credibility and reliability as a witness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Smoking is a harmful habit that is known to contribute to a variety of health problems, including heart disease, lung disease, and cancer. Smoking does not provide any benefits for Alzheimer's patients and, in fact, can worsen the condition due to its negative impact on overall health. Therefore, smoking does not help improve Alzheimer's and may exacerbate the symptoms and complications associated with the disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows direct visualization of the inside of the airways in the lungs. It is considered the most definitive method to establish a diagnosis of lung cancer as it can directly visualize any abnormal growths or tumors in the bronchial tubes. During bronchoscopy, tissue samples can be collected for biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. This procedure is more accurate compared to other diagnostic methods such as chest x-ray, CT scan, cytological study of sputum, or magnetic resonance imaging in confirming a diagnosis of lung cancer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Since Nadine is just four years old, determining her favorite toys is not a critical aspect for Nurse Alma to consider in terms of routines and rituals. While knowing Nadine's favorite toys may help provide comfort or distraction, it is not as essential as ensuring proper feeding, sleep patterns, and toilet training for a young child's well-being and development. The focus should primarily be on aspects that directly impact her physical health, growth, and daily routines at this age.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Accurate assessment and intervention by the nurse or helping person are critical factors for successful integration of loss during the grieving process. This involves the nurse's ability to assess the patient's grieving process effectively, identify their needs, provide appropriate support, and intervene when necessary. By utilizing proper assessment techniques and offering timely interventions, the nurse helps facilitate the patient's journey through the grieving process, promoting healthy coping mechanisms and ultimately assisting in achieving successful integration of their loss. Trustworthiness and a healthy attitude about grief are important qualities for a nurse, but without accurate assessment and intervention, the grieving process may not progress smoothly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The aim of human sciences, including nursing as a human science, is to make meaningful interpretations of the phenomena being studied. Unlike natural sciences that may focus on prediction, control, or seeking causal explanations, the human sciences aim to understand and interpret human experiences, behaviors, and relationships in a meaningful way. In nursing, this involves not only understanding the biological aspects of health and illness but also considering the holistic and humanistic aspects of care, such as emotions, values, beliefs, and perceptions. By making meaningful interpretations, nurses can better understand their patients and provide individualized and patient-centered care.