ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
If the [HCO -] / [CO ] is 40/1, what is the situation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: uncompensated metabolic acidosis. The ratio of [HCO3-] / [CO2] is typically around 20/1 in the blood (normal range). In this case, the ratio is 40/1, indicating an increase in [HCO3-] relative to [CO2]. This suggests metabolic alkalosis. However, if the ratio is inverted (as in this case), it indicates compensation for a primary respiratory alkalosis. This leads to a primary metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the correct interpretation is uncompensated metabolic acidosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not consider the specific relationship between [HCO3-] and [CO2].
Question 2 of 5
Output of a substance is always matched equally with its input.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B: FALSE. This statement is incorrect because in real-world systems, the output of a substance is not always matched equally with its input due to factors such as losses, inefficiencies, and transformations. Therefore, it is not always true that input equals output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the variability and discrepancies that can occur between input and output in systems.
Question 3 of 5
If one female has a higher muscle mass than another female of the same age, the first female will also have a lower amount of water in their body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Muscle mass and water content in the body are not directly correlated. 2. Muscle mass is related to physical activity and genetics, while water content is influenced by hydration levels. 3. Therefore, having higher muscle mass does not necessarily mean lower water content. 4. Hence, the statement that the first female will have lower water content is false. Summary: A: Incorrect - Muscle mass and water content are not causally related. C & D: Not applicable - These choices do not provide relevant explanations.
Question 4 of 5
Although transcellular fluids perform functional roles in the body, their collective volume forms a negligible fraction of total body water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because transcellular fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid, play essential functions in the body. However, their overall volume is relatively small compared to other body fluids like intracellular and extracellular fluids. Therefore, while transcellular fluids are important for specific functions, their total volume is indeed a negligible fraction of total body water. Choice B is incorrect because transcellular fluids do have functional roles, as mentioned earlier. Choices C and D are not applicable (NA) as they do not provide any relevant information to the question.
Question 5 of 5
The most important reason for tight regulation of ECF osmolarity is to ensure that blood pressure is maintained at an appropriate level.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Regulation of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity is primarily to maintain cell function and prevent osmotic imbalances, not specifically for blood pressure regulation. Osmotic balance is crucial for cellular processes like nutrient exchange and waste removal. Tight regulation prevents cell shrinkage or swelling. Blood pressure is more directly controlled by mechanisms like vascular resistance and cardiac output. Other choices are irrelevant as they are not applicable to the question.