ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
If the body has chemical buffers, why do the kidneys participate in acid-base balance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): 1. Chemical buffers work quickly but may not be sufficient for rapid or large pH changes. 2. Kidneys can regulate acid-base balance by adjusting excretion of H+ and HCO3-. 3. Kidneys can respond immediately to maintain acid-base homeostasis. 4. Therefore, kidneys participate in acid-base balance to provide a rapid and effective response. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A. Incorrect because chemical buffers can act throughout the body, including the ECF around the kidneys. B. Incorrect because chemical buffers can buffer against various pH changes, not just those from increased HCO3-. D. Incorrect because chemical buffers can also bind to other ions, not just H+, and kidneys do not remove H+ entirely from the body.
Question 2 of 5
What information can be gained from measuring the serum anionic gap?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B because the serum anionic gap is a valuable tool in diagnosing the cause of metabolic acidosis. By calculating the anion gap (serum sodium - (serum chloride + serum bicarbonate)), clinicians can identify unmeasured anions such as lactate or ketones, which are often elevated in metabolic acidosis. This information helps differentiate between various causes of metabolic acidosis, such as lactic acidosis or ketoacidosis. Summary: A: Incorrect. The serum anionic gap is not typically used to diagnose the cause of metabolic alkalosis. C: Incorrect. The serum anionic gap is not typically used to diagnose the cause of respiratory alkalosis. D: Incorrect. The serum anionic gap is not typically used to diagnose the cause of respiratory acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
Output of a substance is always matched equally with its input.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B: FALSE. This statement is incorrect because in real-world systems, the output of a substance is not always matched equally with its input due to factors such as losses, inefficiencies, and transformations. Therefore, it is not always true that input equals output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the variability and discrepancies that can occur between input and output in systems.
Question 4 of 5
If one female has a higher muscle mass than another female of the same age, the first female will also have a lower amount of water in their body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Muscle mass and water content in the body are not directly correlated. 2. Muscle mass is related to physical activity and genetics, while water content is influenced by hydration levels. 3. Therefore, having higher muscle mass does not necessarily mean lower water content. 4. Hence, the statement that the first female will have lower water content is false. Summary: A: Incorrect - Muscle mass and water content are not causally related. C & D: Not applicable - These choices do not provide relevant explanations.
Question 5 of 5
Although transcellular fluids perform functional roles in the body, their collective volume forms a negligible fraction of total body water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because transcellular fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid, play essential functions in the body. However, their overall volume is relatively small compared to other body fluids like intracellular and extracellular fluids. Therefore, while transcellular fluids are important for specific functions, their total volume is indeed a negligible fraction of total body water. Choice B is incorrect because transcellular fluids do have functional roles, as mentioned earlier. Choices C and D are not applicable (NA) as they do not provide any relevant information to the question.