If growth hormone is overproduced in the adult, what is the resulting condition called?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: GH overproduction in adults causes acromegaly bone thickening (e.g., hands, face) post-epiphyseal closure. Dwarfism is childhood GH lack. Gigantism is pre-closure excess height surge. Myxedema is hypothyroidism, unrelated. Acromegaly's adult-specific bone changes distinguish it, key to GH excess timing, unlike childhood or thyroid conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ANH (atria) opposes aldosterone by promoting natriuresis, lowering blood volume/pressure antagonistic to aldosterone's sodium retention. ADH (pituitary) retains water, synergistic at times. Cortisol (adrenal) is glucocorticoid, minimal overlap. Glucagon (pancreas) raises glucose, unrelated. ANH's natriuretic effect distinguishes it, key to volume counterbalance, unlike water, stress, or glucose hormones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Type I diabetes (IDDM) requires insulin injections autoimmune β-cell loss halts production. Obesity correlates with type II, not I. Type II is more common insulin resistance. Resistance defines type II, not I cells respond, lack insulin. Injection need distinguishes type I, key to its management, unlike obesity, prevalence, or resistance traits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ANH, aldosterone, and ADH regulate blood pressure/volume ANH lowers (natriuresis), aldosterone/ADH raise (sodium/water retention). Oxytocin (hypothalamus) drives labor/milk ejection, not pressure/volume reproductive focus. Oxytocin's exclusion distinguishes it, key to its non-vascular role, unlike volume-regulating trio.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin (pancreas) drives glucose uptake into cells (e.g., muscle) via GLUT4 lowers blood sugar. Renin (kidneys) initiates RAAS, not glucose-focused. Angiotensin (blood) raises pressure, unrelated. Melatonin (pineal) regulates sleep, not metabolism. Insulin's glucose transport role distinguishes it, critical for energy homeostasis, unlike pressure or sleep hormones.