If air is breathed at 14000 ft where the barometric pressure is 450 mmHg, the alveolar oxygen tension will be:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 35 mmHg. At high altitudes like 14000 ft, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases due to lower barometric pressure. In this scenario, using the alveolar gas equation helps determine the alveolar oxygen tension. The equation considers factors like inspired oxygen fraction (FiO₂), barometric pressure (PB), water vapor pressure (PH₂O), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO₂), and respiratory quotient (RQ). Option B) 50 mmHg is incorrect because it does not consider the impact of altitude on barometric pressure, leading to an overestimation of alveolar oxygen tension. Option C) 100 mmHg and Option D) 160 mmHg are also incorrect due to the same reason - they do not account for the decrease in partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes. Understanding this concept is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in emergency and critical care settings where patients may experience reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes. It highlights the importance of considering environmental factors in assessing oxygenation status accurately. This knowledge ensures appropriate interventions are implemented to optimize oxygen delivery to tissues, promoting patient safety and positive outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) 2250 ml because Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation, which is the sum of Residual Volume (RV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV). In this question, since ERV is not provided, we can calculate FRC using the formula FRC = TLC - (IRV + Vt). Given that TLC is 5750 ml, IRV is 3000 ml, and Vt is 500 ml, substituting these values into the formula gives us FRC = 5750 - (3000 + 500) = 2250 ml. Option A) 2500 ml is incorrect because it does not consider the proper calculation of FRC as explained above. Option B) 1700 ml is incorrect as it does not factor in the RV value provided. Option C) 1200 ml is incorrect as it only considers the RV and does not account for the other lung volumes involved in FRC calculation. Understanding lung capacities and volumes is crucial in respiratory physiology and patient care. Knowing how to calculate FRC is important in assessing lung function, especially in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or restrictive lung diseases. This knowledge aids healthcare professionals in interpreting pulmonary function tests and making informed clinical decisions to optimize patient care. Mastering these concepts is fundamental for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam to demonstrate competency in respiratory care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer to the question, "What method can be used to identify a virus?" is D) Serological testing. Serological testing, which involves detecting antibodies produced by the immune system in response to a specific virus, is the appropriate method for identifying viruses. This is because viruses are not visible under a light microscope like bacteria, making staining methods like Gram staining and acid-fast staining ineffective for viral identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is used to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics on bacteria, not viruses. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate methods for identifying pathogens is crucial for healthcare professionals. By knowing that serological testing is the method used for identifying viruses, nurses, doctors, and laboratory technicians can accurately diagnose viral infections and provide appropriate treatment. This knowledge is especially important in settings where rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for patient care, such as in infectious disease outbreaks or in the management of immunocompromised patients. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have a solid foundation in microbiology and diagnostic techniques to provide optimal patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Initiate interventions to help relieve the symptoms. When a patient is experiencing respiratory distress, it is crucial for the nurse to prioritize addressing the immediate physiological needs of the patient. Respiratory distress indicates a potentially life-threatening situation where prompt action is necessary to ensure the patient's safety and well-being. By initiating interventions to relieve the symptoms, the nurse is taking a critical step in stabilizing the patient's condition and preventing further complications. Option A) Continuing with the health history, but more slowly, is incorrect because in the presence of respiratory distress, addressing the symptoms should take precedence over collecting additional health history information. Delaying interventions to proceed with the health history could endanger the patient's health. Option B) Asking questions of the family instead of the patient is inappropriate in this situation as the patient is the one experiencing respiratory distress and requires immediate attention from the healthcare provider. Relying on family members for information may cause further delays in providing necessary care. Option C) Conducting the interview later and letting the patient rest is not advisable when a patient is in respiratory distress. Waiting to conduct the interview could lead to a worsening of the patient's condition and is not in line with the urgency required in such situations. From an educational standpoint, this question highlights the importance of prioritizing patient care based on the urgency of the situation. It underscores the significance of swift decision-making and intervention in critical care scenarios, such as respiratory distress. Nurses must be prepared to act quickly and decisively to address immediate health concerns and ensure patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer for this question is option C, which states: "Position patient on his or her stomach with neck hyperextended (unless this is inappropriate)." This step is not accurate for inserting an oropharyngeal airway. Option A is incorrect because the statement regarding the size of the airway is inaccurate. The correct size for an average adult is around 100-110 mm, not 90 mm as mentioned in the option. Using the wrong size airway can lead to ineffective airway management. Option B is incorrect because the airway should reach from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw, not the back angle of the jaw as stated in the option. Inserting the airway too far back can cause airway obstruction rather than aiding in oxygenation. Option D is incorrect because opening the patient's mouth by prying the teeth apart with thumb and index finger is not the recommended method for inserting an oropharyngeal airway. This technique can potentially cause harm to the patient's teeth or mouth. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the correct steps for inserting an oropharyngeal airway to ensure proper airway management and oxygenation for patients in respiratory distress. Using the correct size airway, positioning the patient correctly, and inserting the airway to the appropriate depth are essential for successful airway management and optimal patient outcomes.