If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chemoreceptors detect chemical stimuli, such as molecules (e.g., odors or tastes), in the environment or body. Thermoreceptors detect temperature, not light, sound, or vibration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, causing hyperpolarization. Acetylcholine, glutamate (excitatory), and norepinephrine have varied effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The medulla oblongata extends through the foramen magnum, connecting the brain to the spinal cord. It lies below the pons, not between midbrain and pons, and has multiple cranial nerves (e.g., IX, X, XII), not just trigeminal (V). Pyramids are medial to olives.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Parasympathetic innervation via pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) relaxes the sphincter and contracts the detrusor for urination. Sympathetic innervation (T11-L2, not L3-L4) inhibits the bladder, and sensation travels via both systems.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The great toe is supplied by the L5 dermatome, covering the lateral leg and dorsal foot. L4 supplies the medial foot, and S1 the lateral foot.