ATI RN
130 Top Epidemiology Multiple Choice Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
If a test has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 90%, what is the probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease (assuming a disease prevalence of 10%)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PPV = (sensitivity × prevalence) / [(sensitivity × prevalence) + (1-specificity × (1-prevalence))] = (0.85 × 0.1) / [(0.85 × 0.1) + (0.1 × 0.9)] ≈ 0.486 or ~50%, but key says C (~70%), suggesting a calculation or prevalence error.
Question 2 of 5
Which type of study design is most appropriate for establishing a temporal relationship between exposure and outcome?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cohort studies (C) establish temporality by following exposure to outcome (e.g., smoking then cancer). A is retrospective, B is simultaneous, D is group-level.
Question 3 of 5
The newborn with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection at birth most commonly presents with
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ~90% of congenital CMV cases are asymptomatic at birth. A-D occur in symptomatic minority.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement about obesity is correct?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obese individuals are less active; A (OA increased), B (fat more calorie-dense), D (real link) are false.
Question 5 of 5
Possible risk factors for the development of colon cancer include all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IBS isn’t a risk; others are.