If a patient with blood type O Rh+ is given AB Rh+ blood, what would the nurse expect to happen?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B: The anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the patient's blood will hemolyze the donor blood. This is because blood type O individuals have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. When a person with blood type O receives blood from a donor with blood type AB, which has both A and B antigens on the red blood cells (RBCs), the recipient's anti-A and anti-B antibodies will recognize the A and B antigens on the donor RBCs as foreign and initiate a hemolytic reaction, causing the donor blood cells to be destroyed. Option A is incorrect because the patient's Rh factor being positive does not directly relate to the hemolytic reaction in ABO blood group incompatibility. Option C is incorrect because the antibodies causing the hemolysis come from the recipient, not the donor. Option D is incorrect because blood type O individuals do have antibodies against the A and B antigens present in the donor blood. Educationally, understanding blood compatibility is crucial in healthcare settings to prevent adverse transfusion reactions. Nurses must ensure proper blood typing and cross-matching to match donor blood with the recipient's blood type to prevent hemolytic reactions. This knowledge is essential for safe transfusion practices and patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct term the nurse should use when reporting the marked decrease in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in the patient's laboratory results to the physician is "C) Pancytopenia." **Explanation of Correct Answer (C):** Pancytopenia is the term used to describe a reduction in all three major blood cell types: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This condition indicates a problem with the bone marrow's ability to produce these essential blood cells. **Explanation of Incorrect Answers:** A) Hemolysis refers to the premature destruction of red blood cells, not a decrease in all blood cell types. B) Leukopenia specifically denotes a decrease in white blood cells only, not all blood cell types. D) Thrombocytosis is an increase in platelet count, not a decrease in all blood cell types. **Educational Context:** Understanding the term "pancytopenia" is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in hematology and oncology. Recognizing pancytopenia alerts healthcare providers to potentially serious underlying conditions such as bone marrow failure, infections, or certain cancers. It prompts further evaluation and appropriate management to address the root cause of the blood cell deficiencies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Increase dietary iron intake with foods such as lean red meat, dark green leafy vegetables, and whole grains. Iron deficiency anemia is a condition characterized by low levels of red blood cells due to inadequate iron in the body. Increasing dietary iron intake is crucial in correcting this deficiency because iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues. Lean red meat, dark green leafy vegetables, and whole grains are rich sources of iron that can help replenish iron stores in the body. Option A) Sleep 7 to 8 hours each night, while important for overall health, is not directly related to correcting iron deficiency anemia. Option B) Decreasing salt intake and drinking more water may be beneficial for managing conditions like hypertension or kidney disease but do not address the root cause of iron deficiency anemia. Option D) Aerobic exercise is beneficial for overall health, but it does not directly impact iron levels or correct iron deficiency anemia. Educationally, it is important for patients with iron deficiency anemia to understand the role of dietary iron in managing their condition. Teaching them about iron-rich foods and the importance of incorporating them into their diet can help them actively participate in their treatment and improve their overall health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), there is a decreased platelet count, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, careful monitoring of platelet count is crucial in managing these patients. Option A, "Platelet count and RBC," is the correct answer because monitoring platelet count provides information on the patient's risk of bleeding and guides treatment decisions. Option B, "WBC and bleeding time," is incorrect because ITP primarily affects platelets, not white blood cells or clotting time. Monitoring WBC is not directly relevant to bleeding risks in ITP. Bleeding time is a less reliable test and is not routinely used for monitoring ITP. Option C, "PT and PTT," is incorrect because these tests assess the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade, which are not directly impacted in ITP. Monitoring PT and PTT is more relevant in assessing coagulation abnormalities in conditions like hemophilia or liver disease. Option D, "Iron and ferritin levels," is also incorrect because these tests assess iron stores in the body and are not directly related to the risk of bleeding in ITP. Monitoring iron and ferritin levels is more indicative of iron deficiency anemia rather than bleeding risks in ITP. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind monitoring specific parameters in different hematologic conditions is essential for providing optimal patient care. In ITP, focusing on platelet count monitoring helps in assessing bleeding risks, guiding treatment strategies, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions like platelet transfusions or medications. This knowledge is crucial for healthcare professionals managing patients with hematologic disorders to ensure appropriate and evidence-based care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In educating a patient recently diagnosed with hemophilia, it is crucial to teach them to recognize signs and symptoms to prevent complications. The correct answer is B) Excessive bleeding after minor trauma. This is because hemophilia is a bleeding disorder where the blood does not clot normally, leading to prolonged bleeding even after minor injuries. Recognizing this symptom is vital for the patient to seek prompt medical attention to prevent significant blood loss and potential complications. Option A) Clot formation, especially in the veins of the lower extremities, is incorrect as hemophilia predisposes individuals to bleeding disorders, not clot formation. Option C) Low blood counts and fatigue due to lack of adequate RBC production is incorrect as it describes symptoms of anemia, which is not typically associated with hemophilia. Option D) Anemia, bone pain, and infection are also incorrect as they are not typical signs and symptoms of hemophilia. Educationally, it is important to emphasize to the patient the importance of promptly seeking medical attention if they experience excessive bleeding after minor trauma. Teaching them to recognize this specific symptom can empower them to take control of their health and potentially prevent serious complications associated with hemophilia. Providing clear and detailed education can help the patient better manage their condition and improve their quality of life.