If a patient presents with dysuria and only 100-1000 WBC should they receive antibiotic treatment?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 100-1000 WBC/mm³ (0.1-1/µL) is below UTI threshold (<10,000) dysuria alone without pyuria suggests non-bacterial cause (e.g., urethritis), no antibiotics. 'Yes' risks overtreatment lacks evidence. Repeat culture delays unnecessary here. Two specimens overcomplicates low counts persist. Negative treatment need distinguishes it, key to avoiding misuse, unlike proactive or delayed options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephritic conditions (e.g., glomerulonephritis) show hematuria, hypertension, proteinuria, red cell casts glomerular inflammation hallmark. Nephrotic syndrome lacks casts edema, heavy proteinuria. Hepatorenal is liver-related no casts. Rhabdomyolysis causes myoglobinuria not glomerular. Nephritic profile distinguishes it, key to renal diagnosis, unlike protein, liver, or muscle disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading CRF cause hyperglycemia scars nephrons (e.g., diabetic nephropathy), outpacing hypertension (vascular), GN (immune), and PKD (genetic). Diabetes's frequency distinguishes it, critical for CRF burden, unlike secondary or rarer etiologies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IgA nephropathy (Berger's) is the commonest glomerulonephritis chronic, frequent acute flares (e.g., post-viral hematuria), outpacing post-strep (episodic), Goodpasture's (rare), and SLE (systemic). IgA's global burden distinguishes it, key to GN prevalence, unlike less frequent or severe forms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tunica albuginea repair is needed in penile fracture rupture during erection (e.g., intercourse), surgical fix restores integrity. Corpus spongiosum/urethra rarely tear separate. Corpora cavernosum is inside tunica contained. Buck's fascia may tear secondary. Tunica's role distinguishes it, critical for penile structure, unlike adjacent or contained tissues.