If a patient is taking an ACE inhibitor, the nurse should monitor for signs of angioedema which include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angioedema is a potentially serious side effect of ACE inhibitors. It involves swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and submucosal tissues and can affect areas such as the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities. One of the key signs of angioedema is difficulty breathing, or dyspnea. Other signs may include swelling, itching, and hives. It is crucial for nurses to monitor patients taking ACE inhibitors for any signs of angioedema as it can rapidly progress and lead to airway compromise and respiratory distress. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent any serious complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone is the drug used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It is an opioid antagonist that rapidly binds to opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioid molecules. By blocking the receptor sites, naloxone can quickly reverse the effects of opioids, such as respiratory depression, sedation, and potential coma. Naloxone is a critical medication in opioid overdose situations as it can restore normal breathing and save a person's life. It is often available in the form of a nasal spray or injection for emergency use. It is essential for first responders, healthcare professionals, and individuals at risk of opioid overdose to have access to naloxone as part of overdose prevention and harm reduction strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol is an example of a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which helps to open up the air passages and improve airflow to the lungs. This action can help relieve symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Albuterol is typically administered via inhalation to provide quick relief during an asthma attack or COPD exacerbation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alprazolam is a medication commonly used in treating anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety associated with depression. It belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which act on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. Alprazolam helps to reduce feelings of anxiety and promote relaxation by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. It is not used for relief of drowsiness, bronchospasms, or cardiac arrest.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Methylparaben is a preservative commonly found in local anesthetic solutions. Its function is not as an anesthetic, antioxidant, or antiseptic. Instead, methylparaben is added to local anesthetic solutions as a vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictors work by causing blood vessels to narrow, which helps to reduce bleeding and increase the duration and effectiveness of the local anesthetic by slowing down the absorption of anesthesia into the bloodstream.