If a patient is taking an ACE inhibitor, the nurse should monitor for signs of angioedema which include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angioedema is a potential adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. It is a serious condition involving swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, including the mucous membranes. Signs of angioedema can include swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, which can lead to difficulty breathing (dyspnea) due to airway obstruction. It is important for the nurse to monitor for these signs and symptoms, as angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Vomiting, constipation, and epistaxis are not typical signs of angioedema associated with ACE inhibitors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: St. John's wort is an herbal supplement known to interact with many medications, including venlafaxine (Effexor). It can reduce the effectiveness of venlafaxine by increasing its metabolism and clearance from the body, potentially leading to decreased therapeutic effects. Therefore, patients taking venlafaxine for social anxiety disorder should be advised to avoid St. John's wort to prevent any negative interactions and ensure the medication works effectively. It is essential for the nurse to inquire about the use of St. John's wort during the medication and dietary history assessment to prevent such interactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phenytoin's oral bioavailability varies due to formulation and absorption, a true statement. It's highly plasma protein-bound (~90%), not poorly, making that false and the exception. Hepatic enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampicin) enhance its metabolism, true. At higher doses, its elimination shifts to zero-order due to saturated metabolism, true. Half-life ranges from 12-36 hours, also true. High protein binding affects free drug levels, critical for therapeutic monitoring, especially in hypoalbuminemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A. It is recommended to take iron supplements one hour before or two hours after a meal because food can interfere with the absorption of iron. By taking it on an empty stomach or away from meals, the body can absorb the iron more effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 1. Narrow-angle glaucoma: Mannitol can exacerbate narrow-angle glaucoma by causing an increase in intraocular pressure. Therefore, it is contraindicated in patients with this condition.