If a patient is supine with knees flexed to 90 degrees and feet flat on the table, how will it be determined if the right femur is longer than the left?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in supine position with knees flexed to 90 degrees and feet flat on the table, the right knee being anterior to the left knee indicates that the right femur is longer. This is due to the natural anatomical alignment of the femurs in relation to the knees. The other choices (A, B, C) do not accurately reflect the correct method of determining femur length discrepancy in this specific position. Choice A and B focus on the height of the knees, which may not be an accurate indicator of femur length. Choice C refers to the anterior positioning of the left knee, which is not a reliable indicator of femur length discrepancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To measure for leg length discrepancy accurately, you should measure from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) to the Medial Malleolus. This is because the ASIS is a reliable and consistent bony landmark for measurement, and the medial malleolus is a stable reference point at the ankle joint. Measuring from ASIS to Medial Malleolus ensures that the entire length of the leg is accounted for, providing an accurate assessment of any potential length difference between the two legs. This measurement technique is commonly used in clinical practice and research studies to assess leg length inequality. Summary: A: Incorrect - Does not account for the full length of the leg. B: Incorrect - PSIS is not commonly used as a reference point for leg length measurement. C: Correct - ASIS to Medial Malleolus provides an accurate measurement of leg length discrepancy. D: Incorrect - PSIS is not commonly used for measuring leg length, and measuring

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stridor. Stridor is a monophasic, high-pitched sound typically heard during inspiration and caused by partial obstruction in the upper airway. It indicates a potentially serious condition affecting the airway, such as swelling or a foreign body obstruction. Wheezing (A) is a continuous, musical sound usually from lower airway obstruction. Ronchi (B) are low-pitched, coarse sounds from airway secretions. Crepitus (C) is a crackling sensation caused by air under the skin or tissues. In this case, Stridor is the most appropriate choice given the description of the sound and its association with upper airway obstruction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pursed-lip breathing. This technique involves inhaling slowly through the nose and exhaling through pursed lips, which helps to keep the airways open longer, improve oxygen exchange, and reduce the work of breathing. It also helps to prevent small airways from collapsing, making it easier for COPD patients to breathe. Choice A: Controlled cough may be helpful in clearing secretions but does not specifically address reducing dyspnea and work of breathing. Choice B: Huffing is a technique used for clearing secretions and may not be as effective in reducing dyspnea during an acute episode. Choice D: Breath holds can lead to increased carbon dioxide levels and might worsen symptoms in COPD patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscle with spasm. Microwave diathermy is a form of deep heat therapy that can help relax muscle spasms by increasing blood flow and promoting healing in the affected area. This treatment is particularly effective in treating muscle-related conditions such as muscle spasms, strains, and sprains. Edematous tissue (A) would be better treated with other modalities like compression and elevation. Fluid-filled cavities (B) are not suitable for microwave diathermy as it can cause uneven heating and potential harm. Reproductive organs (C) are sensitive structures and should not be exposed to microwave diathermy.