If a microorganism is known to produce a disease, it is referred to as a

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A microorganism that is known to produce a disease is referred to as a pathogen. Pathogens are capable of causing infections or diseases in their hosts. Therefore, both options A (pathogen) and B (pathogenic microorganism) are correct as they describe the same concept. Option C (normal flora) is incorrect because normal flora refers to the microorganisms that naturally reside in or on the body without causing harm or disease. Option D (A and B only) is correct because it includes the correct options A and B.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sweat is excluded from standard precautions unless contaminated with blood or other fluids.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pulmonary TB can occur at higher CD4 counts (200-500) as it doesn't require profound immunosuppression. PCP and CMV typically occur at CD4 <200, and Kaposi sarcoma and cryptococcosis are more advanced-stage conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypernatremia is not a typical feature of atypical pneumonia; electrolyte imbalances like hypophosphatemia or abnormal LFTs can occur with Legionella or Mycoplasma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Silk, a braided natural material, has the highest infection risk due to its wicking properties and bacterial adherence.