If a condition with NFP of -10 mmHg is left untreated, what is the most expected outcome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Untreated -10 mmHg NFP leads to acute renal failure (ARF) no filtration (e.g., shock) causes acute injury, oliguria. Chronic kidney disease is progressive not acute. Diuresis needs filtration opposite here. Stable GFR requires positive NFP unfeasible. ARF's acute onset distinguishes it, key to hypoperfusion consequences, unlike chronic, diuretic, or stable outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: High glomerular pressure stems from afferent arterioles' larger diameter than efferent resistance creates ~55 mmHg (e.g., filtration drive). Low oncotic pressure opposes incorrect. High capsular pressure (~15 mmHg) resists not causes. Thick basement membrane filters doesn't raise pressure. Arteriolar disparity distinguishes it, key to GFR, unlike opposing or structural factors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The myogenic mechanism is vessels' intrinsic constriction to high pressure autoregulates GFR (e.g., afferent stretch). Hormonal control (e.g., angiotensin) is extrinsic renin-driven. Sympathetic control uses nerves reduces GFR. Tubuloglomerular feedback is macula densa NaCl-based. Intrinsic response distinguishes it, key to vascular autoregulation, unlike extrinsic or feedback controls.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glucose reabsorption from lumen to cell is secondary active transport SGLT uses Na gradient (e.g., PCT), energy-dependent. Passive transport lacks energy false. Downhill misaligns against gradient. No energy contradicts mechanism incorrect. Sodium-coupled active transport distinguishes it, critical for glucose recovery, unlike passive or energy-free errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intracellular potassium is ~150 mM high vs. extracellular ~4 mM (e.g., Na /K -ATPase maintains). 125 mM is close understated. 3.5 mM is extracellular opposite. 50 mM underestimates gradient incorrect. High concentration distinguishes it, critical for membrane potential, unlike lower values.