If a client’s parathyroid glands were accidentally removed during a procedure, which condition should the nurse prepare for?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypocalcemia. The parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the body. Without them, calcium levels will drop, leading to hypocalcemia. A: Hypomagnesemia is incorrect because magnesium levels are not directly regulated by the parathyroid glands. B: Hyperkalemia and C: Hypernatremia are incorrect as they are not typically associated with parathyroid gland removal. In summary, the removal of parathyroid glands would result in hypocalcemia due to the disruption of calcium regulation in the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sitting up leaning slightly forward. This position helps prevent blood from flowing back into the throat, reducing the risk of choking and aspiration. It also allows for better drainage of blood out of the nose. Lying down with feet elevated (choice A) can increase blood flow to the head and worsen the nosebleed. Sitting up with neck extended (choice B) can lead to blood flowing into the throat. Lying down with a small pillow under the head (choice C) may cause blood to flow backward.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Smoking. Smoking presents the greatest threat for respiratory disease due to the harmful chemicals in tobacco that can damage the lungs and lead to conditions like COPD and lung cancer. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various respiratory issues. Exposure to radiation (B) can increase cancer risk but is not as directly linked to respiratory diseases. High-fat diet (C) may impact overall health but is not a primary risk factor for respiratory diseases. Alcohol consumption (D) can contribute to respiratory issues, but smoking is considered the most significant risk factor.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: In the context of a client with polymyositis, the correct expected outcome in the plan of care is "DISTURBANCES IN IMMUNOLOGIC FUNCTIONING." This is because polymyositis is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and weakness in the muscles, resulting from an abnormal immune response targeting muscle tissue. Therefore, monitoring and addressing disturbances in immunologic functioning are crucial in managing the condition. Option A, "Client will lose 2lb per week on a calorie-restricted diet," is incorrect as weight loss is not a typical expected outcome related to polymyositis. Option B, "Client will exhibit no signs or symptoms of aspiration," is incorrect as aspiration is not a direct complication associated with polymyositis. Option C, "Client will exhibit bowel and bladder continence," is incorrect as this outcome is not directly related to the pathophysiology of polymyositis. Understanding the expected outcomes and complications associated with specific diseases like polymyositis is vital for nurses to provide effective care. By focusing on immune system disturbances in the plan of care, nurses can better manage the symptoms and progression of polymyositis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ankylosing spondylitis. This disease process is characterized by chronic progressive inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints and adjacent soft tissue. Ankylosing spondylitis specifically affects the spine and large joints. Rheumatoid arthritis (A) is characterized by joint inflammation and primarily affects small joints. Scoliosis (B) is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, not inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints. Kyphosis (C) is an excessive outward curvature of the spine, not related to inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints.