If a client requires a pneumonectomy, what fills the area of the thoracic cavity?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because after a pneumonectomy, the pleural cavity is filled with serous fluids to prevent collapse and consolidate the region. This fluid helps maintain the integrity of the thoracic cavity structure and prevents the other organs from shifting. Choice A is incorrect because leaving the space filled with air would lead to a collapsed lung and inefficient breathing. Choice B is incorrect as filling the space with a gel would not serve any physiological purpose and could potentially cause complications. Choice D is incorrect as tissue from the other lung does not grow over to the other side to fill the empty space left by the removed lung.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Immediately discontinue the infusion. This action is necessary to prevent further harm to the patient in case of an adverse reaction to the chemotherapy agent. Discontinuing the infusion will stop the administration of the potentially harmful drug and allow for prompt assessment and intervention. Notifying the physician (choice A) can be done after discontinuing the infusion. Flushing the IV line (choice B) may not address the underlying issue of the redness and swelling at the site. Applying an ice pack followed by warm compress (choice D) may provide temporary relief but does not address the need to stop the infusion immediately.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because frequent bowel movements can help reduce sodium levels in cases of diarrhea caused by lactose intake. Lactose intolerance can lead to osmotic diarrhea due to the unabsorbed lactose drawing water into the intestines. By encouraging frequent bowel movements, excess sodium is excreted along with the watery stools, helping to restore electrolyte balance. Choice A is incorrect because contacting the physician immediately is not necessary in this situation as the nurse can take appropriate action. Choice B is incorrect because withholding the drug may not address the root cause of the diarrhea. Choice C is incorrect because simply lowering the dosage may not be sufficient to address the diarrhea effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer B (Conscious) is correct: Letty's statement indicates she is actively engaging in a cognitive process to recall information, which aligns with conscious thought. Conscious thought involves awareness, reasoning, and decision-making, all of which Letty is demonstrating by setting a specific timeframe for memory recall. Subconscious (A) refers to processes below the level of awareness; Unconscious (C) pertains to mental processes inaccessible to consciousness; Ego (D) is a component of personality according to Freudian psychology, not directly related to cognitive processes like memory recall.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Freud explains anxiety as a conflict between id (unconscious desires) and superego (internalized societal norms). This conflict creates tension, leading to anxiety. The id seeks immediate gratification, while the superego imposes moral standards. This conflict causes anxiety. Choice A is incorrect because it oversimplifies anxiety as solely related to satisfying needs. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on a physiological response rather than a psychological conflict. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests anxiety is a learned response to stressors, rather than a result of internal conflicts within the mind.