Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presence of protein in the glomerular filtrate indicates a problem with renal function because in healthy kidneys, proteins are retained in the blood and not filtered into the urine. If protein is found in the filtrate, it suggests damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. Sodium, creatinine, and red blood cells are normally present in the filtrate and are not indicative of renal dysfunction. Sodium is freely filtered and reabsorbed, creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism excreted by the kidneys, and a small number of red blood cells may be filtered due to their small size. Therefore, protein in the glomerular filtrate is the most specific indicator of renal dysfunction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the patient and family's developmental stages and needs is crucial in understanding their current situation and determining the appropriate care plan. By assessing developmental stages, the nurse can tailor interventions to meet the family's specific needs. This assessment also helps in identifying potential challenges or areas requiring support. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses solely on the physical environment and does not address the family's developmental stages and needs. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes identifying family members without considering the importance of understanding their developmental stages and needs in providing family-centered care. Choice D is incorrect as it concentrates on family dynamics without directly addressing the crucial aspect of assessing developmental stages and needs for effective family-centered care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct interpretation is C: Normal ABG values. 1. pH is within the normal range of 7.35-7.45. 2. PaCO2 is 40 mm Hg, within the normal range of 35-45 mm Hg. 3. Bicarbonate is 24 mEq/L, within the normal range of 22-26 mEq/L. 4. PaO2 is 95 mm Hg, within the normal range of 80-100 mm Hg. 5. Oxygen saturation is 97%, which is normal. 6. Respirations are also within the normal range at 20 breaths per minute. Overall, all values fall within the normal range, indicating a well-maintained acid-base balance. Other choices are incorrect because there are no abnormalities that would suggest compensated metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, or respiratory acidosis based on the given ABG values.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The elevated BUN and creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio indicate impaired kidney function. This pattern is commonly seen in acute kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In ATN, there is damage to the renal tubules leading to decreased excretion of waste products, resulting in elevated BUN and creatinine levels. The normal BUN/creatinine ratio suggests that the impairment is due to renal tubular dysfunction rather than prerenal causes like hypovolemia or postrenal causes like urinary obstruction. Increased nitrogen intake would not produce this specific pattern of results. Fluid resuscitation would likely result in dilution of BUN and creatinine levels, leading to lower values.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because certification validates nurses' expert knowledge and practice. This is important as it ensures that nurses have the necessary skills and competence to provide high-quality care in critical care settings. Certification is voluntary and not mandated by government regulations (Choice C). It goes beyond demonstrating basic knowledge (Choice D) by confirming specialized expertise. While certification may garner positive publicity (Choice A), the primary benefit is the validation of advanced skills and knowledge.