Identify what short-term evaluation technique is appropriate to assess whether the patient has met the following learning goals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Each learning goal requires a different evaluation technique: Demonstration for subcutaneous insulin injection, Verbalization for identifying side effects of Coumadin, Selection for choosing potassium-rich foods, Observation for verbalizing no shortness of breath, and Verbalization for stating readiness to change a dressing. The correct technique depends on the specific goal.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and caring for older patients from specific ethnic groups, it is crucial for nurses to understand the social determinants of health that can impact these individuals. Option D, "Have less income to spend for medications and health care services," is the correct answer. Older patients from certain ethnic groups may face financial challenges due to lower income levels, which can directly affect their ability to access and afford necessary medications and healthcare services. Option A, "Live with extended families who isolate the patient," is incorrect because while social isolation can be a concern in older populations, it is not specific to ethnic groups and may not necessarily lead to health care problems. Option B, "Live in rural areas where services are not readily available," is incorrect as lack of access to services is not solely related to ethnicity and may affect individuals regardless of their ethnic background. Option C, "Eat ethnic foods that do not provide all essential nutrients," is also incorrect as it does not directly address the financial barriers that older patients from specific ethnic groups may face in accessing healthcare. Educationally, this question underscores the importance of cultural competence and understanding the social, economic, and environmental factors that can impact the health outcomes of older patients from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Nurses must be equipped to provide holistic care that considers these factors to ensure optimal health outcomes for all patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the rehabilitation of an older adult to prevent loss of function from inactivity and immobility, the important nursing measure is the performance of active and passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises (Option C). This is the correct answer because ROM exercises help maintain joint mobility, prevent contractures, improve circulation, and preserve muscle strength, all of which are essential in preventing functional decline due to immobility. Option A (Using assistive devices such as walkers and canes) is important for facilitating mobility but does not directly address the prevention of loss of function and muscle strength associated with immobility. Option B (Teaching good nutrition to prevent loss of muscle mass) is important for overall health but does not specifically address the need for physical activity to maintain functionality. Option D (Performance of risk appraisals and assessments related to immobility) is important for identifying potential issues but does not actively address the prevention of loss of function through physical activity. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the importance of ROM exercises in older adults' rehabilitation reinforces the significance of physical activity in preserving function and independence. It highlights the role of nurses in promoting mobility and preventing complications associated with immobility in this population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The focus of the integrative model of health care, as indicated by option C, is on mind-body-spirit connections. This approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of health. Integrative medicine combines conventional medical treatments with complementary and alternative therapies to address the whole person, not just the disease. By recognizing the importance of these connections, practitioners aim to promote holistic healing and overall well-being. Option A, "Costs paid by insurance," is incorrect as it pertains to financial aspects rather than the core focus of integrative health care. Option B, "Treatment of symptoms," is also incorrect because although symptom management is part of patient care, the integrative model goes beyond symptom control to address underlying causes and promote wellness. Option D, "Care directed by nurse practitioners," is incorrect as it focuses on the role of a specific healthcare provider rather than the comprehensive approach of integrative care that involves multiple disciplines and modalities working together. Educationally, understanding the integrative model of health care is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide patient-centered care that considers all aspects of a person's health. It emphasizes the importance of treating the whole individual, fostering a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness between physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. This knowledge is essential for promoting optimal health outcomes and enhancing the quality of patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse is option C: Comfortably position the patient to expose the area and massage the back with effleurage and petrissage strokes. The rationale behind this choice is that gentle massage techniques like effleurage and petrissage can help alleviate mild back pain and promote relaxation, which can be beneficial for a bedridden patient. Additionally, providing hands-on care can also enhance the nurse-patient relationship and improve overall patient comfort. Option A is incorrect as suggesting acupuncture does not directly address the patient's request for a massage. Option B is incorrect because while it is true that massage should typically be done by a licensed therapist, in this case, the nurse can provide a gentle massage within their scope of practice. Option D is also incorrect as it delays addressing the patient's immediate need for comfort and relief by involving physical therapy. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding basic nursing interventions for pain management and comfort measures. Nurses should be aware of simple techniques like effleurage and petrissage that can be safely used to address patient discomfort. It also emphasizes the significance of therapeutic communication and meeting patient needs promptly and effectively.