ATI RN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Identify the structure found in a fetus that allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus, bypassing the lungs. Fossa ovalis (A) and foramen ovale (B) are atrial structures, trabeculae (C) are ventricular ridges.
Question 2 of 5
The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arterioles (B) offer the greatest resistance due to their small diameter and muscle control (Poiseuille’s law).
Question 3 of 5
This area in the pericardium contains fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pericardial cavity (A) between the visceral and parietal pericardium contains fluid to reduce friction. Other options are heart layers.
Question 4 of 5
The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle by each heartbeat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stroke volume (C) is the blood volume per beat (~70 ml). Cardiac output (A) is per minute, heart rate (B) is beats, afterload (D) is resistance.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following blood cells is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Platelets (B) form clots to reduce blood loss. Erythrocytes (A) carry oxygen, lymphocytes (C) are immune, basophils (D) release histamine.