Identify the mechanisms that control the production and release of hormones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hormone release is controlled by hormonal (e.g., TRH to TSH), humoral (e.g., glucose to insulin), and neural (e.g., sympathetic to epinephrine) mechanisms triad covers endocrine regulation. Sensory isn't a direct mechanism external input, not release control. Hormonal-humoral-neural trio distinguishes it, critical for dynamic endocrine response, unlike sensory-inclusive errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Growth hormone (GH) doesn't promote glucose metabolism it inhibits uptake, raising blood glucose (insulin antagonist), favoring fat metabolism (lipolysis) instead. It boosts amino acid entry and protein synthesis (growth). Glucose metabolism is insulin's domain GH spares it. Fat metabolism promotion distinguishes GH's role, key to its anabolic shift, unlike amino acid, protein, or glucose claims.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Calcitonin, from thyroid C-cells, lowers high blood calcium by depositing it into bones opposes resorption. PTH (parathyroid) raises calcium, opposite effect. Oxytocin (hypothalamus) aids labor, unrelated. Glucagon (pancreas) raises glucose, not calcium. Calcitonin's bone storage distinguishes it, critical for calcium balance, unlike raising, reproductive, or glucose hormones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aldosterone increases blood pressure by targeting kidney tubules for sodium/water reabsorption (less urine) and potassium excretion mineralocorticoid action. Decreasing blood pressure contradicts raises it via volume. Mineralocorticoid status and urine reduction are true. Pressure increase distinguishes aldosterone, critical for RAAS, unlike erroneous decrease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glucagon (pancreas) raises blood glucose via glycogenolysis and promotes fat/protein use (sparing glucose), but doesn't store glucose as glycogen insulin does that (glycogenesis). Storage contradicts glucagon's role mobilizes energy. Pancreatic origin, glucose increase, and sparing are true. Non-storage distinguishes glucagon, key to its catabolic action, unlike anabolic error.