Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, the pancreas secretes insulin, and the adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, insulin controls blood sugar levels, and growth hormone stimulates growth. Choice A is incorrect because ADH is not secreted by the adrenal cortex, and aldosterone is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis. Choice B is incorrect because epinephrine is not secreted by the adrenal cortex, and ACTH is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis. Choice C is incorrect because androgen is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis, and ADH is not secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gonadal. The secretions from gonads (testes in males, ovaries in females) differ between males and females due to the production of sex hormones (testosterone in males, estrogen and progesterone in females). Adrenal glands (A) secrete similar hormones in both genders. Parathyroid (B) and Pancreas (D) do not secrete hormones that differ based on gender.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: lipid soluble. Lipid-soluble hormones can easily pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. This binding activates gene expression and affects protein synthesis within the cell. Water-soluble hormones, like choice B, bind to cell surface receptors and activate signaling pathways through second messengers (choice C). Proteins (choice D) are not hormones but rather macromolecules that can act as signaling molecules or receptors. Lipid solubility is crucial for hormones to exert their effects inside target cells, making choice A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxytocin & ADH. The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) regulates water balance by influencing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. Growth hormone (GH) and Prolactin are released by the anterior pituitary, not the posterior pituitary. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Insulin) is correct: 1. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. 2. Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. 3. The deficiency of insulin leads to the inability to properly regulate blood sugar levels, resulting in diabetes mellitus. 4. Glucagon (choice A) is a hormone that increases blood sugar levels, so its deficiency would not cause diabetes. 5. Thyroxin (choice B) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is not directly related to diabetes. 6. Melatonin (choice D) is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not involved in blood sugar regulation. Summary: Insulin is the correct choice because its deficiency directly leads to diabetes mellitus, while the other choices do not play a significant role in the development of this condition.