Identify the hormone that stimulates uterine contraction and the release of milk during nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and delivery. 2. Oxytocin also triggers the release of milk during nursing by causing contraction of the cells around the milk-filled alveoli. 3. ADH (A) regulates water balance, glucagon (B) regulates blood sugar levels, and prolactin (D) stimulates milk production but not milk release. Summary: Oxytocin is the correct answer because it specifically stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during nursing, while the other choices are not directly related to these functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Addison disease. Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones can lead to Addison disease, characterized by fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and skin discoloration. This is because insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex can disrupt the body's stress response and electrolyte balance. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Diabetes mellitus is primarily related to insulin regulation issues, not adrenal cortex hormones. C: Cushing syndrome is caused by hypersecretion, not hyposecretion, of adrenal cortex hormones. D: Cretinism is associated with thyroid hormone deficiency, not adrenal cortex hormone deficiency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: oxytocin. Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) all play a role in regulating blood pressure and volume. ANH promotes sodium and water excretion, aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, and ADH controls water reabsorption. On the other hand, oxytocin is a hormone involved in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding, not directly related to blood pressure regulation. Therefore, oxytocin is the hormone that does NOT help regulate blood pressure and volume.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cretinism. Hypothyroidism in children can lead to cretinism, a condition characterized by stunted growth, intellectual disability, and other developmental delays. This occurs because thyroid hormones play a crucial role in growth and brain development during childhood. Goiter (A) is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, not a direct consequence of hypothyroidism in children. Acromegaly (B) is caused by excess growth hormone, not by hypothyroidism. Myxedema (C) is a condition seen in adults with untreated hypothyroidism, not specifically in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing aldosterone, a hormone that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Aldosterone is specifically produced in the zona glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex. Adrenaline (Choice B) is produced by the adrenal medulla, not the cortex. Glucagon (Choice C) is produced by the pancreas, not the adrenal cortex. Calcitonin (Choice D) is produced by the thyroid gland, not the adrenal cortex. Therefore, the correct answer is A because aldosterone is the hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.