Identify the hormone that causes the development of the breast and milk production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for the development of the breast tissue and milk production in females. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in lactation. Oxytocin is involved in milk ejection, not breast development. Estrogen plays a role in breast development but not specifically in milk production. Antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance and has no direct role in breast development or milk production.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because glucagon actually stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, not store glucose as glycogen. Glucagon helps increase blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, and it also promotes the use of fat and protein for energy when glucose levels are low. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about glucagon, making them incorrect options in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is responsible for triggering follicular development in females and sperm production in males. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, leading to the release of an egg during ovulation. In males, FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to support the development of sperm. A: Prolactin is not involved in the process of follicular development or sperm production. B: Growth hormone is not directly related to the regulation of reproductive functions. D: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for ovulation in females and testosterone production in males, but it is not the hormone that triggers follicular development or sperm production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland by releasing hormones that stimulate or inhibit pituitary hormone production. This relationship is known as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus is considered the master controller of the endocrine system, making it the correct choice. A: Thyroid - The thyroid gland is not directly responsible for controlling the pituitary gland. It is a separate endocrine gland that produces its own hormones. C: Pineal gland - The pineal gland primarily regulates the sleep-wake cycle and produces melatonin. It does not play a direct role in controlling the pituitary gland. D: None of the above - This is incorrect as the hypothalamus does indeed control the pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - GLUT2 transporter on basolateral membrane transports glucose, galactose, and fructose. - SGLT-2 transporter on apical membrane co-transports glucose and galactose with Na. - Fructose absorption is via facilitated diffusion, not secondary active transport. - Insulin increases, not decreases, carbohydrate absorption.