ATI RN
Endocrine System MCQ Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Identify the hormone that causes the development of the breast and milk production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prolactin from anterior pituitary drives breast development and milk production lactogenic role. Oxytocin ejects milk, not produces. Estrogen aids breast growth but not milk synthesis. ADH manages water, unrelated. Prolactin's milk-producing action distinguishes it, critical for lactation, unlike ejection, growth, or water hormones.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is NOT true of cortisol?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cortisol isn't a mineralocorticoid it's a glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex), managing stress, glucose via gluconeogenesis (protein breakdown), and fat metabolism (sparing glucose), plus anti-inflammatory effects. Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone) regulate electrolytes cortisol has minor overlap. Non-mineralocorticoid status distinguishes it, key to its metabolic role, unlike inflammation, protein, or fat truths.
Question 3 of 5
When blood glucose levels are low, the will increase the secretion of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low blood glucose triggers pancreas to secrete glucagon, raising levels via liver glycogenolysis counterregulatory. Adrenal cortex aldosterone manages sodium, not glucose. Pancreatic insulin lowers glucose, opposite need. ADH (posterior pituitary) retains water, unrelated. Glucagon's pancreatic response distinguishes it, critical for hypoglycemia correction, unlike sodium, lowering, or water options.
Question 4 of 5
Identify the growth factor that is released by cancer cells to create a capillary network that aids the cancer growth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tumor angiogenesis factor (e.g., VEGF) from cancer cells promotes capillary growth, feeding tumors angiogenesis driver. Macrophage factor (M-CSF) boosts immunity, not vessels. Platelet-derived (PDGF) aids repair, less tumor-specific. Epidermal (EGF) drives cell growth, not angiogenesis. Angiogenesis factor distinguishes it, critical for tumor survival, unlike immune, repair, or growth factors.
Question 5 of 5
Which hormone is produced in the hours of darkness and encourages sleep?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Melatonin, from pineal gland, rises in darkness, promoting sleep circadian regulator. Insulin (pancreas) lowers glucose, not sleep-related. Renin (kidneys) starts RAAS, blood pressure focus. Angiotensin (blood) constricts vessels, not sleep-inducing. Melatonin's nocturnal secretion distinguishes it, critical for sleep-wake cycles, unlike glucose, pressure, or vascular hormones.