Identify the growth factor that is released by cancer cells to create a capillary network that aids the cancer growth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tumor angiogenesis factor (e.g., VEGF) from cancer cells promotes capillary growth, feeding tumors angiogenesis driver. Macrophage factor (M-CSF) boosts immunity, not vessels. Platelet-derived (PDGF) aids repair, less tumor-specific. Epidermal (EGF) drives cell growth, not angiogenesis. Angiogenesis factor distinguishes it, critical for tumor survival, unlike immune, repair, or growth factors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells accelerates glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose) in the liver to raise blood sugar not protein synthesis (insulin), nor does it decrease glycogenolysis or slow gluconeogenesis (lactate to glucose), which it also promotes. This distinguishes glucagon's catabolic role, vital during fasting, contrasting with insulin's anabolic effects, a core NEET concept.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon, raising blood glucose by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, countering beta cells' insulin, which lowers it. Enzymes come from exocrine pancreas acinar cells, not endocrine alpha cells. 'None' ignores glucagon's role. Glucagon's glucose-mobilizing action distinguishes it, essential for metabolic balance, unlike insulin's storage or exocrine functions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) from parathyroids raises blood calcium by mobilizing it from bones, enhancing kidney reabsorption, and boosting intestinal uptake via vitamin D. Calcitonin, from thyroid C-cells, lowers calcium, depositing it in bones. Heparin (anticoagulant) and dicumarol (similar) affect clotting, not calcium. PTH's calcium-elevating role distinguishes it, essential for homeostasis, unlike bone-depositing or unrelated agents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glucocorticoids' truths: cortisol is the primary human glucocorticoid, managing stress and glucose; they're secreted by the adrenal cortex's zona fasciculata, regulated by ACTH; in Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency), their secretion drops, causing metabolic issues. All statements hold cortisol's dominance, fasciculata origin, and Addison's reduction align with physiology. No single statement trumps; their collective accuracy distinguishes them, key to adrenal function understanding.