Identify the factor that accounts for the movement of water and dissolved nutrients out of the arterial end of a capillary.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hydrostatic blood pressure (~35 mmHg) at the arterial end (A) forces water and nutrients out via filtration. Osmotic pressure (B) pulls water back, diffusion (C) moves gases, and active transport (D) is minimal here.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: External iliac arteries (A) deliver oxygen-rich blood to the legs from the common iliacs. Internal iliac veins (B) drain, inferior vena cava (C) returns to heart, hepatic portal (D) is digestive.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The left ventricle has the bicuspid (mitral) valve (inflow from left atrium) and aortic valve (outflow to aorta, C). Pulmonary veins (A) enter the atrium, tricuspid (B) is right-sided, and inferior vena cava (D) enters the right atrium.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Blood pressure increases with age due to arterial stiffening, peaking in the elderly (D, ~130-140/80 mmHg). Infants (A, ~90/60), adolescents (B, ~110/70), and adults (C, ~120/80) have lower values.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Starling’s law (C) states that increased venous return (preload) stretches the heart, increasing stroke volume and cardiac output. A is false (it operates but may fail), B is false (it applies), and D is sympathetic.