ATI RN
Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks Questions
Question 1 of 9
Identify the causative agent of dengue fever.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The causative agent of dengue fever is a virus. Dengue fever is primarily transmitted to humans by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes act as vectors, carrying and transmitting the dengue virus (specifically four closely related but antigenically different serotypes: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4) to humans during the feeding process. The virus then replicates in the human body, causing symptoms of dengue fever. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Virus.
Question 2 of 9
Considering the pain assessment scale (1, is the least pain and 5 is the most painful) Mrs. P described her pain in the scale of 5, you expect that the doctor will order which of the following pain medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient describes their pain as a 5 on the pain assessment scale, it indicates severe pain and the need for a strong pain medication. Morphine Sulphate is a potent opioid analgesic that is commonly used to manage severe pain, such as in cases where the pain is rated as 5. Meperidine HCl (Demerol) is another opioid analgesic, but it is not as commonly used due to its side effect profile and potential for toxicity. Fentanyl (Duragesic) is also a potent opioid analgesic that can be used for severe pain, but morphine is often preferred in this situation. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a milder pain reliever and is not typically sufficient for pain described at a level of 5 on the pain scale.
Question 3 of 9
A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with bruising, petechiae, and mucosal bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with decreased platelet count. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition characterized by widespread activation of coagulation leading to both thrombosis and hemorrhage. In patients with chronic liver disease, especially in the setting of advanced cirrhosis, DIC can develop due to factors such as decreased synthesis of coagulation factors and impaired clearance of activated clotting factors. The patient in this scenario presents with signs of both abnormal bleeding (bruising, petechiae, mucosal bleeding) and laboratory findings consistent with DIC, including prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) along with decreased platelet count.
Question 4 of 9
Which is the MOST important risk factor to osteoporosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Menopause is the most important risk factor for osteoporosis because it leads to a decrease in estrogen levels, which plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density. After menopause, women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis due to loss of estrogen's protective effects on bone mass. Other risk factors like history of previous fracture, being male, and short stature can also contribute to osteoporosis, but menopause has the strongest association with the development of the condition. It is essential for postmenopausal women to be aware of this risk factor and take preventive measures such as regular exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and appropriate medical evaluation and treatment as needed.
Question 5 of 9
Which of these measures will help stabilize mentally the parents of Nurse Lailanie?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Establishing a regular routine can be very helpful in stabilizing the mental state of parents. Consistency and structure in day-to-day activities can provide a sense of predictability and control, which can help reduce anxiety and stress. By having a routine, the parents can feel more organized, efficient, and better equipped to manage their responsibilities and emotions. Additionally, a regular routine can promote better sleep patterns, healthier habits, and overall well-being. This measure is practical, achievable, and can have positive effects on the mental stability of Nurse Lailanie's parents.
Question 6 of 9
This endocrine disorder is a severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide in subcutaneous and other interstitial tissues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism that is characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in subcutaneous and other interstitial tissues. This condition leads to puffiness, swelling, and thickening of the skin, giving it a waxy appearance. Other symptoms of myxedema include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and hair loss. It is important to recognize and treat myxedema promptly as it can lead to serious complications such as myxedema coma, which is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.
Question 7 of 9
In planning for Sonny's oxygen therapy, the nurse should consider which of the following, EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse does not need to determine the age of Excel when planning for Sonny's oxygen therapy. This information is irrelevant to the specific care requirements of Sonny's oxygen therapy. Sonny's age, medical history, respiratory status, and oxygen needs are the key considerations in planning for his oxygen therapy. The nurse should focus on factors such as the need for a humidifier, length of tubing, and the manner of administering oxygen (continuous or intermittent) to ensure effective and safe delivery of oxygen therapy to Sonny.
Question 8 of 9
A patient presents with multiple, flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with a central umbilication on the face. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the poxvirus. It commonly presents as flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication on the face, trunk, and extremities. The central umbilication indicates the presence of a crater-like indentation in the center of the lesion. It is a benign condition and usually self-limited, but it can be persistent and contagious. Treatment options include cryotherapy, curettage, topical therapies, and observation. Acne vulgaris presents with comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules primarily on the face, chest, and back. Sebaceous hyperplasia is characterized by yellowish papules with central dell on the face. Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a pearly papule with telangiectasias and may have ulceration or bleeding.
Question 9 of 9
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute pancreatitis with severe abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's pancreatitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority intervention in managing acute pancreatitis is to administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate hydration. Acute pancreatitis can lead to significant fluid loss and dehydration due to factors such as vomiting and third-spacing of fluids into the retroperitoneal space. Adequate hydration helps to optimize perfusion to the pancreas, prevent hypovolemic shock, and support overall organ function. This intervention also aids in flushing out inflammatory mediators and preventing complications such as acute kidney injury. Monitoring fluid status and adjusting the rate of intravenous fluid administration based on the patient's response is crucial in the management of acute pancreatitis. While other interventions such as imaging studies, nutritional support, and gastric acid suppression may be important in managing acute pancreatitis, ensuring adequate hydration is the most critical initial step.