ATI RN
Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks Questions
Question 1 of 9
Identify the causative agent of dengue fever.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The causative agent of dengue fever is a virus. Dengue fever is primarily transmitted to humans by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes act as vectors, carrying and transmitting the dengue virus (specifically four closely related but antigenically different serotypes: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4) to humans during the feeding process. The virus then replicates in the human body, causing symptoms of dengue fever. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Virus.
Question 2 of 9
Ms., Sanchez is a new nursing graduate and in dire need for the hospitalization of her ailing mother She is being offered to endorse a detergent product on TV Commercial wearing a mini skirt and a plunging neckline shirt. In doing this performance Ms. Sanchez is violating the ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ms. Sanchez is violating the code of ethics for nurses. Nurses are expected to uphold professional behavior and maintain a positive public image. Endorsing a detergent product on TV Commercial wearing a mini skirt and a plunging neckline shirt may be seen as unprofessional and contrary to the image of a nursing professional. The code of ethics for nurses requires nurses to act with integrity, maintain professional boundaries, and avoid actions that could bring discredit to the profession. By engaging in this commercial, Ms. Sanchez is not upholding the ethical standards expected of nurses.
Question 3 of 9
Nurse Mauve should plan to initiate which action to provide a safe environment?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking off the room lights and drawing the window shades would provide a calm and soothing environment for the five-year-old patient admitted due to pneumonia with symptoms of cough, respiratory distress, anxiety, and dehydration. By creating a dim and quiet atmosphere, it can help reduce the child's anxiety levels, promote rest and relaxation, and potentially aid in the management of distress caused by pneumonia. Providing a quiet and dark environment can also support the child's comfort and recovery process during the hospital stay.
Question 4 of 9
A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient regarding calcium carbonate administration?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium carbonate should be taken with meals because it requires the presence of stomach acid to be properly absorbed. Taking it with meals helps ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness as a phosphate binder in patients with chronic kidney disease. Administering calcium carbonate on an empty stomach may lead to gastrointestinal side effects such as upset stomach, bloating, and constipation. Taking it with a full glass of water is also recommended to help prevent potential gastrointestinal issues and to ensure proper hydration. Crushing tablets before administration is not advised unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider, as it can alter the drug's release and absorption properties.
Question 5 of 9
A postpartum client presents with persistent, severe headache, photophobia, and altered mental status. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing action when a postpartum client presents with persistent, severe headache, photophobia, and altered mental status is to notify the healthcare provider immediately. These symptoms could be indicative of serious conditions such as postpartum preeclampsia or postpartum eclampsia, both of which require prompt medical evaluation and intervention. Delaying medical attention in such cases can lead to severe complications for the mother. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the client's safety and well-being by quickly involving the healthcare provider for further assessment and management.
Question 6 of 9
A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis involves inflammation of the iris and ciliary body. Patients typically present with symptoms such as redness, pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. The slit-lamp examination findings of ciliary injection (redness and dilation of blood vessels in the iris and ciliary body), corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light (due to ciliary muscle spasm causing decreased accommodation) are characteristic of anterior uveitis. This condition is often idiopathic but can be associated with various systemic diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune disorders. Treatment involves addressing the inflammation with topical corticosteroids and, in some cases, cycloplegic agents to reduce pain and inflammation.
Question 7 of 9
A 28-year-old woman presents with lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and dysmenorrhea that worsens during menstruation. On pelvic examination, tender nodules are palpated along the uterosacral ligaments. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical presentation of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments is highly suggestive of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, commonly on the pelvic organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum. The characteristic tender nodules along the uterosacral ligaments are known as "nodularity" and are a classic finding in endometriosis.
Question 8 of 9
A woman in active labor demonstrates signs of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), with the fetal head failing to descend despite strong contractions. What nursing action should be prioritized to address this abnormal labor presentation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a woman in active labor demonstrates signs of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) with the fetal head failing to descend despite strong contractions, the nursing action that should be prioritized is to prepare for immediate instrumental delivery. CPD can lead to a prolonged and difficult labor, increasing the risks for both the mother and the fetus. In cases where the fetal head is not descending adequately and the mother's contractions are strong, instrumental delivery, like forceps or vacuum extraction, may be necessary to facilitate the safe delivery of the baby. It is important to act promptly to avoid potential complications associated with prolonged labor. Other actions, such as performing a pelvic exam, changing maternal positions, or administering oxytocin, may be considered but addressing the issue of CPD efficiently through instrumental delivery should take precedence in this scenario.
Question 9 of 9
A patient presents with gross hematuria, flank pain, and a palpable abdominal mass. Imaging reveals a large heterogeneous renal mass with areas of necrosis and calcifications. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of gross hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal mass, along with imaging findings of a large heterogeneous renal mass with necrosis and calcifications are highly suggestive of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. The presence of necrosis and calcifications are characteristic features of RCC. Imaging modalities such as CT scans or MRI can confirm the diagnosis by showing the typical features of RCC, including a solid mass with areas of necrosis and calcifications. It is important to further evaluate this patient, likely with a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease for appropriate management.