ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Identify a gland that is controlled by an anterior pituitary hormone.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ovary is controlled by anterior pituitary's FSH/LH, driving follicle growth and ovulation reproductive link. Pancreas (insulin) isn't pituitary-regulated autonomous. Parathyroid (PTH) self-regulates via calcium. Adrenal medulla (epinephrine) is neural, not pituitary. Ovary's pituitary dependence distinguishes it, critical for gonadal function, unlike independent or neural glands.
Question 2 of 5
Identify functions of calcium within the body.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium aids clotting (coagulation cascade), hardens bone (hydroxyapatite), and enables nerve conduction/muscle contraction (depolarization, release) multifaceted. Each is true: clotting stops bleeding, bone supports, nerve/muscle drive movement. All-inclusive role distinguishes calcium, key to physiology, unlike partial functions.
Question 3 of 5
The antagonistic hormone to insulin is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucagon (pancreas) opposes insulin by raising blood glucose via glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis direct antagonist. Cortisol (adrenal) raises glucose longer-term, indirect. Norepinephrine/epinephrine (medulla) spike glucose acutely, stress-related. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) manage sodium, not glucose. Glucagon's glucose-elevating role distinguishes it, critical for balance, unlike stress or electrolyte hormones.
Question 4 of 5
Melatonin from the pineal gland regulates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Melatonin (pineal) regulates sleep-wake cycles, peaking in darkness circadian driver. Water balance is ADH (pituitary), not melatonin. Sexual development ties to gonadal hormones (e.g., testosterone), not pineal puberty onset theories are minor. Sleep regulation distinguishes melatonin, critical for rhythm, unlike water or sex roles.
Question 5 of 5
The gland that secretes the hormone that determines the basal rate of metabolism and normal growth is located:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid, in front of the trachea, secretes T3/T4, setting basal metabolic rate (energy use) and aiding growth (via protein synthesis) neck-based. Brain hosts pituitary/hypothalamus (regulators), not direct producer. Bones lack glands growth target. Adrenals (kidneys) produce cortisol, not metabolism/growth primary. Thyroid's tracheal location distinguishes it, critical for metabolic and developmental regulation, unlike brain, bone, or adrenal sites.