Identify a gland that is controlled by an anterior pituitary hormone.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: ovary. The anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that regulate the function of the ovaries. FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, while LH triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of progesterone and estrogen. The pancreas (A) is mainly controlled by insulin and glucagon from the pancreas itself. The parathyroid gland (B) is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by the parathyroid glands. The adrenal medulla (C) is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, not by anterior pituitary hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is correct because insulin does not stimulate the breakdown of glycogen. Insulin promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen, not its breakdown. A, B, and D are incorrect because insulin does stimulate cellular absorption of glucose, usage of glucose for energy, and lowers blood glucose levels, respectively. Insulin's main role is to facilitate the uptake and storage of glucose, not its breakdown.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diarrhoea. Hypothyroidism is associated with decreased metabolic function, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, anorexia, and weight gain. Diarrhoea is not typically a symptom of hypothyroidism; instead, it can be seen in conditions like hyperthyroidism where there is an excess of thyroid hormone. In hypothyroidism, the digestive processes slow down, which can lead to constipation rather than diarrhoea. Therefore, the effects of hypothyroidism do not include diarrhoea.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas that regulate blood sugar levels. Choice D, Endocrine pancreas, is correct because the Islets of Langerhans are specifically located in the pancreas. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Islets of Langerhans are not found in the anterior pituitary, cortex, or spleen. The pancreas is the primary organ associated with blood sugar regulation, making it the correct location for the Islets of Langerhans.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kidney. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption, thus reducing urine output. This hormone helps maintain proper fluid balance in the body. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Liver, C: Uterus) are incorrect because they do not play a direct role in water balance regulation or response to ADH stimulation. The kidney is the main target organ for ADH due to its crucial role in water reabsorption and urine concentration.