Identify a common function of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. Which of the following hormones does NOT help regulate blood pressure and volume?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ANH, aldosterone, and ADH regulate blood pressure/volume ANH lowers (natriuresis), aldosterone/ADH raise (sodium/water retention). Oxytocin (hypothalamus) drives labor/milk ejection, not pressure/volume reproductive focus. Oxytocin's exclusion distinguishes it, key to its non-vascular role, unlike volume-regulating trio.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla trigger the fight-or-flight response rapid heart rate, glucose mobilization not thyroxine/melatonin (metabolism/sleep), insulin/glucagon (glucose regulation), or oestrogen/progesterone (reproduction). This distinguishes catecholamines' acute stress role, key to survival, a classic NEET endocrine distinction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (and norepinephrine), catecholamines from chromaffin cells, boosting heart rate and glucose in stress responses. Cortisone and cortisol, glucocorticoids, come from the adrenal cortex's zona fasciculata, not medulla. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, not a medullary hormone preganglionic neurons use it to stimulate medulla. Epinephrine's rapid, sympathetic-like action distinguishes it, vital for acute stress, unlike cortical steroids or neural signals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Releasing factors (e.g., TRH, GnRH) are synthesized in the hypothalamus, traveling via portal veins to stimulate anterior pituitary hormone release. Hypophysis (pituitary) responds to these, not producing them. Pancreas secretes insulin/glucagon, not releasing factors. Posterior pituitary stores hypothalamic hormones, not synthesizing releasing factors. Hypothalamus' control role distinguishes it, critical for pituitary regulation, unlike responsive or unrelated glands.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adrenal cortex zones, outside in, are zona glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids, e.g., aldosterone), zona fasciculata (glucocorticoids, e.g., cortisol), and zona reticularis (androgens). 'Faticularis' is a typo fasciculata is correct, but only one option fits anatomy. Reversed or jumbled orders (reticularis outer, fasciculata outer) defy histology. Glomerulosa-fasciculata-reticularis sequence reflects functional layering, distinguishing it, key to adrenal hormone production.